Social Media YouTube essay part 2

Social Media YouTube essay part 2 Social Media: YouTube essay part 2 Social Media: YouTube essay part 2Social Media: YouTube essay part  1Users publishing their videos on YouTube are almost free being limited in publishing explicit videos and some other videos only which are either illegal or offensive for publication and contradict to rules of YouTube. The freedom of creativity is, therefore, enormous and people create diverse videos implementing their most daring ideas, while users respond to those videos and determine which videos become mainstream and which do not.Furthermore, YouTube becomes an important social media which can be used for sharing socially important information, such as video records of socially important events or culturally significant events, and so on. In this regard, the performativity of YouTube is particularly high.However such performativity often raises the high risk of the violation of privacy and intellectual property rights. For instance, the publication of videos from a concert may violate the right of an artist or singer (Lombe Ssewamala 38). In this regard, YouTube has developed the policy of the protection of the copyright law and intellectual property rights but still there are plenty of videos that violate those rights of the rights’ owners. However, such violation of human rights, including the privacy right and intellectual property rights is the ultimate manifestation of the performativity-orientation of YouTube.Furthermore, along with sheer documentary videos, there are plenty of fake videos created by users to publish on YouTube. These videos also reveal the performativity of YouTube because they stimulate the creativity of users to make a performance, a show that will attract other users. These videos are the sheer creativity of users but the point is apparently to attract the attention of the audience and increase the interest of users to the videos. In this regard, the performativity of videos apparently becomes prior to the content or messages conveyed by users. In fact, the content or message may be insignificant or even absent.At this point, it is important to dwell upon the social significance of YouTube as the social media. On the one hand, there are many admirers, who view YouTube as the great social media which allows users to share videos and to communicate video messages to the global audience instantly. The performativity of videos and YouTube as the social media attracts the huge audience and helps users to share videos successfully.On the other hand, there are many critics of YouTube, who view the social media as the media violating privacy and intellectual property rights and publishing controversial videos from the ethical point of view (Lombe Ssewamala 38). In such a situation, YouTube is perceived as the social media that causes numerous controversies caused by the violation of basic rights of individuals and organizations. The efforts of YouTube to protect those rights are not very successful so far, although the current policies of YouTube provide certain protection to the privacy and intellectual property rights or copyright.At the same time, what is beyond a doubt is the popularity of YouTube and its contribution to the mainstream culture. At this point, it is possible to refer to the case of pop music since many singers have already started to use the full potential of YouTube to promote their new works. This trend reveals the full extent to which YouTube becomes performativity-oriented because users, including pop singers and stars use YouTube as the tool to promote their works and their brands. On the other hand, YouTube allows average users to become stars, if they manage to create a performative video and attract many users. At this point, it is possible to refer to the experience of the now popular pop singer, Psy, who was absolutely unknown internationally but after his video clips were published on YouTube and gained a large number of views, he became one of the most popular pop stars today.Thus, ta king into account all above mentioned, it is important to place emphasis on the fact that YouTube is an influential social media that is fully oriented on the performativity because it is the performativity that attracts many users and makes YouTube the mainstream social media. At the same time, YouTube has a considerable impact on the contemporary culture because it contributes to the formation of contemporary cultural values, trends and norms. For instance, videos popular on YouTube contribute to the formation of certain cultural norms and values, which people perceive as mainstream because of their popularity on YouTube. However, in spite of its performativity, YouTube is still a controversial social media because the problem of the violation of intellectual property rights, copyright law, possible threat to the privacy right of people and other issues make functioning of YouTube questionable. In such a situation, the popularity of YouTube is the major factor determining the resi stance of YouTube to any accusations and claims concerning possible violation of human rights.

Investigating how much the 5 pence minimum charge on local calls increases the cost of making local calls Essays

Investigating how much the 5 pence minimum charge on local calls increases the cost of making local calls Essays Investigating how much the 5 pence minimum charge on local calls increases the cost of making local calls Essay Investigating how much the 5 pence minimum charge on local calls increases the cost of making local calls Essay The aim of this coursework is to discover how much the 5 pence minimum charge (to quote BT: the minimum charge for each call remains at 5p inclusive of VAT) on local calls increases the cost of making local calls. This information would then be used to ascertain whether moving to a telephone operator without a minimum fee would be a good idea. If moving would save money, then it would be worth doing. Certainly, looking over the current bill, it seems like there are many calls less than 5 minutes (as local rates are 1 pence per minute during the evening and weekend and the phone is always switched off during the daytime). Data Collection The population is the entirety of local calls made during 3-month period. This population is formed because of the procession of only one itemised bill, which happens to be from 1st of November to the 1st of February. The current telephone operator is BT. This bill (i.e. the population) lists 886 calls, with a total duration of 30 hours, 38 minutes and 57 seconds. The complete cost for this period is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½50.30 (to the nearest 2 d.p., before VAT). The population is continuous because time can be given to any number of decimal places. The data is surly as accurate as it is possible to be only untraceable computer bugs could explain inaccuracies. As computer problems are unlikely for a large multi-national firm, such as BT, we can consider the data within the population to be reliable and good quality. A sample method appropriate here could be random sampling. An example of this might be labelling 886 pieces of paper, throwing them into a hat and selecting 50. Also, a computer could be used to select 50 random integer numbers in the range of 0 and 887. Such a random method would however give no indication of whether the duration of calls remained constant over time. Random sampling may allow a certain cluster of calls to dominate the general trend. Stratified sampling would not be appropriate for the investigation because we want to find out the number of 5-minute calls, not just select a certain number of them. This sampling method would be useful for a sub-investigation, for example to see how much effect the over 5-minute calls make to the charging by only selecting the over 5-minute calls and assessing their magnitude. Another way of sampling would be to select every x call, where x is the result of 886/50 rounded down to the nearest whole integer. This would mean recording the call duration for every 17th call (because 886/50 = 17.72). This will generate more that 50 samples, however, 50 is a minimum not a maximum. As the data is probably accurate, there cannot be any outliners. Please note: a computer maths or spreadsheet package has not been used in the preparation of this report. Thus, the data collected is given bellow (and then sorted by hand): Call duration in seconds Cell duration in seconds (sorted) 53 10 50 11 10 20 120 31 413 33 45 33 274 34 99 35 48 35 50 35 100 35 53 35 54 36 42 36 44 37 11 38 108 38 36 38 38 39 54 41 47 41 41 42 54 42 35 42 47 44 50 45 269 45 42 47 35 47 55 48 35 50 227 50 35 50 33 53 36 53 39 54 170 54 35 54 1077 55 38 57 31 99 33 100 45 107 1266 108 34 120 107 170 20 227 57 269 38 274 37 413 42 1077 41 1266 Table 1 raw data and raw data sorted Analysis Mean A mean gives some idea of central tendency (the average call duration). It will however, be affected by the extreme values 413, 1077 and 1266. Therefore, it seems appropriate to measure the mean with and without the 3 values. With the 3 values (done using a calculator, to 2 d.p.): ==112.56 seconds or 1 minute 52.56 seconds Clearly, this answer is higher than most of the times, so not particularly representative. With out the 3 values (done using a calculator, to 2 d.p. ): ==63.2 seconds or 1 minute 3.2 seconds. The second answer seems more representative, but still does not take account of the majority of the times. Mode The mode is another measure of central tendency that gives the most frequent call duration. The mode is clearly 35 seconds (because this call duration is the most frequent, being repeated 5 times). From a visual inspection, this time seems to give quite a good indication of central tendency as most of the time seem to fall within the 9 t (seconds) 61 range. Median Another measure of central tendency is the median, which may be numerically calculated or read off a calmative frequency graph. As the later is not necessary accurate because hand drawn, the numerical method will be used. The median gives the middle number, and as such is not affected by the extreme numbers. It does not however, take account of the actual values of the call durations. Hopefully, it should give some idea as to the average of the data. To calculate the median, the numbers must each be assigned a rank. The median is the mean of the duration assigned to the 26th and 27th rank (because 52/2 =26 and (52/2)+1=27 and n is even). The ranks, which were assigned manually to the data, are given in the table below: Ranks Cell duration in seconds (sorted) 1 10 2 11 3 20 4 31 5 33 6 33 7 34 8 35 9 35 10 35 11 35 12 35 13 36 14 36 15 37 16 38 17 38 18 38 19 39 20 41 21 41 22 42 23 42 24 42 25 44 26 45 27 45 28 47 29 47 30 48 31 50 32 50 33 50 34 53 35 53 36 54 37 54 38 54 39 55 40 57 41 99 42 100 43 107 44 108 45 120 46 170 47 227 48 269 49 274 50 413 51 1077 52 1266 Table 2 raw data sorted and ranked (by hand) The 26th and 27th values are both 45 seconds. Therefore, the median is 45 seconds ((45+45)/2=45). From visual inspection, this does seem to represent all but the extreme values, however, the mode seems to give the best measure of central tendency. Ranges The range is 10 1266 (=1256). If the finial 3 values were removed, the range would be 10 284. This shows that the 3 values do have an extreme affect upon the calculations that take them into account. The inter-quartile range would give a better measure of spread, as it would avoid the extreme values. The median of the median of the whole data set and the lower bound is the lower quartile, whilst the median of the median of the whole data and the upper bound is the upper quartile. Lower quartile The 13th value is 36, as is the 14th. So, the lower quartile is 36 seconds. Upper quartile The 39th value is 55, and the 40th is 57. the upper quartile is 56 seconds. Thus, the inter-quartile range is 56-36 or 20 seconds. This tells us that the middle half of the sample is with a 20 second range. Since half of 52 is 26, we know that the 26 of the sample falls within the 20 seconds of each other. Thus, we can deduce that the median is a good measure of central tendency. Calculating the midrange would not be applicable, as the extreme values would have too significant an affect on the result. Standard deviation The standard deviation measures average (not accurate because of squaring and square-rooting, so called standard) deviation from the mean. As 2/3s of the data lie within the standard deviation, perhaps it will be a good measure of spread and central tendency. The standard deviation will help tell us whether 2/3rd of the data is within 5 minutes, and if so it may be worth changing the operator. The formula used is: . The squared call durations are given bellow (these squares were calculated by using a calculator). Call duration in seconds Cell duration in seconds (squared) 10 100 11 121 20 400 31 961 33 1089 33 1089 34 1156 35 1225 35 1225 35 1225 35 1225 35 1225 36 1296 36 1296 37 1369 38 1444 38 1444 38 1444 39 1521 41 1681 41 1681 42 1764 42 1764 42 1764 44 1936 45 2025 45 2025 47 2209 47 2209 48 2304 50 2500 50 2500 50 2500 53 2809 53 2809 54 2916 54 2916 54 2916 55 3025 57 3249 99 9801 100 10000 107 11449 108 11664 120 14400 170 28900 227 51529 269 72361 274 75076 413 170569 1077 1159929 1266 1602756 Table 3 call durations sorted and squared (using a calculator) (calculated using un-rounded values, and checked using the statistical function of the calculator.) Therefore, 2/3rd of the call durations lie within 224.89 seconds. 224.89 seconds is 3 minutes 44.89 seconds, showing that 2/3rds of the call durations lie within 5 minutes of the mean. This strongly indicates that changing operator would be beneficial. Number of call durations less than 5 minutes Another useful calculation would be to calculate how many of the call durations fall below 5 minutes (300 seconds). If we consider the sample reasonably representative then we can say that the ratio of under 5 minute to over 5 minute calls is 49:3. If the sample is representative, then this means there is a very high number of calls bellow 5 minutes. Displays Box and whisker diagram A good was of summarising some of the calculations above would be a box and whisker diagram. This is figure 1. Frequency polygon A frequency polygon is an appropriate method of discovering the shape of the distribution (see figure 2 and sheet F2). Please note that the last 3 call lengths were not included, as this would have adversely affected the scale and not given a meaningful display. Figure 2 shows a slight positive skew. There is a tight distribution about 20-60 seconds. After 60 seconds, there are occasional calls lengths. Cumulative frequency diagram Suspecting a tight distribution, a cumulative frequency diagram was created (the straighter the S shape, the tighter the distribution about the median). A cumulative frequency diagram gives better results if the data is spread evenly throughout the intervals; this appears to be the case. Cumulative frequency is calculated as a running total of all frequencies. The bounds are 10, allowing for the fact that the data is widespread. As the data is integer, the bounds are inclusive. Bounds Cell duration in seconds (sorted) Cumulative frequency 0-9 0 0 10-19 2 2 20-29 1 3 30-39 16 19 40-49 11 30 50-59 10 40 60-69 0 40 70-79 0 40 80-89 0 40 90-99 1 41 100-109 3 44 110-119 0 44 120-129 1 45 130-139 0 45 140-149 0 45 150-159 0 45 160-169 0 45 170-179 1 46 180-189 0 46 190-199 0 46 200-209 0 46 210-219 0 46 220-229 1 47 230-239 0 47 240-249 0 47 250-259 0 47 260-269 1 48 270-279 1 49 Table 4 cumulative frequency of call durations. The cumulative frequency graph shows that there is a tight S shape, indicating a tight concentration of values around the median. This confirms the calculations made above (i.e. the inter-quartile range). The top of the S shape is particularly long and straight, indicating widespread but infrequent data past the upper quartile (56 seconds). Interpretation It has been discovered that there is a large concentration of call durations bellow 5 minutes, indicating that moving to a different operator may be advised, although increased pence per minute increase from such a move may negate any benefit. With 49 of the 52 calls less than 5 minutes, the mean, mode, median, standard deviation and quartiles falling less that 5 minutes, it is clear that most calls are much less than 5 minutes duration, according to the sample. The positive skew also supports this point, by showing that calls tend towards lower than 5 minute call durations. It has also been discovered that the 3 calls above 5 minutes are considerably above five minutes. This indicates the pence per minute increase problem outlined above. Therefore, it has been shown that (provided the sample is representative) if call charges are not increased and the 5 pence minimum dropped, moving to another call operator would be sensible. The data of the population is of good quality, as indicated in the introductory paragraphs. The data is very accurate as a computer calculated it automatically and the sample hand gathered 3 times (to insure there was no errors in gathering the sample). The extreme values were therefore verified 2 times. In terms of validation, none of data should (or was) negative. This was manually checked for after sample collection. It certainly appears that the data was worth collecting as it has shown a high biased towards 5-minute call durations. Even if the data had not shown this, it would have told us that changing to another operator might not be such a good idea. With there being only 3 calls over 5 minutes, these 3 calls probably are not representative of the over 5 minute calls in the population. If it can be shown that many of the over 5 minute calls in the sample are considerably over 5 minutes. This could be a problem if there are pence per minute increases with a new non-5-minute-minimum-charge operator: the effect of the increase may negate the effects of the lack of a 5 minute minimum charge. Accuracy and refinements The sample only represents 5.9% (, to 1 d.p.) of the population. Thus, how representative the sample is of the population is questionable, especially as only 3 of the sample were over 5 minutes in duration. Using a telephone can often result in somewhat fixed patterns of calling, thus using a systemic method of data gathering maybe influenced unduly by these routines. When gathering data by eye from a long list of numbers that are similar in appearance (as in this case) may be particularly error prone. Accuracy in long calculations such as standard deviation may not be wholly accurate despite repeating the calculations 2 times and using the calculator as further backup. The impact of other call types, such as national and international has not been assessed; a change in operator may adversely affect these rates. A greater sample and/or population size could improve reliability of the analysis as the sample gathered may be more representative. A greater population could be found by collecting different quarterly bills. A greater sample size could be derived from changing the number of call durations to skip to a number less than 17. To gain a more representative sample of over 5 minute calls, it would be acceptable to carryout a sub investigation on a sample of over 5 minute calls (i.e. a sample of the population of over 5 minute calls). This would help us discover how much of an effect call charges would have on the bill. If all the whole population could be gathered, say by optical character recognition technology, then a computer statistics package could be used to calculate and graph the data. This would eliminate any problems associated with sampling but would be costly, if the hardware and software required was not easily accessible. Also, optical character recognition is not 100% accurate, so the data would have to checked by had a long uncomfortable occupation. There exist more advanced methods of calculating various statistics, and could be utilised to give greater, more refined, insight. An example might be calculating the skew or kurtosis numerically. Another possibility of determining the number of under 5 minute calls would be to manually count the number of over 5 minute calls in the whole population and subtract that number from 886 (the total number of local rate telephone calls). This would give an accurate proportion of under 5 minute calls, but would not give their nature (e.g. how close to the 5 minute barrier are they). Other graphs or charts could be drawn to give further insight into the data set. An example might be a pie-chart showing proportion of over and under 5 minute calls of the sample. A different method of sampling could be employed to avoid the routine problem that a systemic method carries or an unrepresentative problem that a random method carries. Perhaps a mixture of the two could be employed to generate a higher quality sample. This could be that the number of call durations missed before collecting another could be randomly generated using the random number facility on a calculator. Moving a piece of paper or ruler already marked) and can help to ensure that durations are indeed 17 call durations apart (by sight). As a change in operator may affect all charge rates, the affect upon the cost of national and international calls should be assessed or else savings from the removal of the 5 pence minimum charge could be negated and the new operator forsaken (and it may in fact cost to return to BT). There are in fact only 5 international calls, totalling 1 hour 4 minutes in duration and costing a total of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½12.77. With such a small population, statistical analysis in not advised. Merely cost comparing the call charges with other operators should be sufficient. In addition it should be remarked that the cost for the international calls is quite low and would probably not negate a saving made from removing the 5-minute minimum charge. This is especially true as many non-BT operators are constantly advertising their low international rates. There are 57 national calls, of which total duration is 2 hours and 17 minutes, and costing a total of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5.48. With such a small charge, it hardly seems worth investigating. It would be possible to see how much the same call time (2 hours and 17 minutes) would cost with another operator. It might be advised as a further extension to the investigation, to find out (of the sample data) how many extra minutes are actually charged for because of the 5-minute minimum charge. This would help discover how much one would save when moving to a new operator. In conclusion, it seems that several statements can be made: o The sample is fairly accurate (with the population being as accurate as possible), but could be improved in terms of representation. o The cost of over five minute local calls, national and international calls should be calculated against any increase in charges of another operator to ensure that the increases effect does not take away the effect of removing the 5 minute minimum charge. o Most local rate calls are less than five minutes in duration, but it is possible that some of the over 5 minute calls are particularly long in duration.

EM200-1501B-02 Introduction to Website Development Phase 1 IP Assignment

EM200-1501B-02 Introduction to Website Development Phase 1 IP - Assignment Example The main page is usually the first page to be seen when one visits a web page. The main page has enriched information regarding the website. Main pages contain graphic images describing the function of the site. A main page also contains links to other pages within the site. The primary function of a main page is to give access to other pages on the website. This is achieved by providing links to articles, pages and other files contained in the website. Main pages also contain a search box to help visitors quickly access data and information they are looking for on a website. A websites primary page also explains the core functions of the internet site to its visitors (Gareth, 2003). A header in a general computer context is the top portion of an electronic file. In a web page context, a header can be said to be a ‘banner’. It can be defined as the top portion that contains the name, logo and general information about a website. A header is consistent throughout the website appearing at the top of all pages it contains. The headers primary function is to communicate with visitors on what the website is for and what it does. To accomplish this, a header usually contains the company’s logo and in most cases its slogan or motto. A good header attracts visitors’ attention, sparks their curiosity, and prompts them to look for more in the website. Since it is the first object to be seen on a website, a header creates a focus point for a visitor and encourages him/her to continue browsing the site. Depending on its image and color, a header can also improve the visibility of the website (Gareth, 2003). In a general computer context, footer is the bottom portion of an electronic or computer file. For a web page, footer describes the part at the bottom of the page. Like the header, a footer is also consistent throughout the website appearing at the bottom of every page. Most web page footers contain a

Carrie Chapman Catt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Carrie Chapman Catt - Essay Example After the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920, she organized the League of Women Voters for the political education of women (Levin 2006). Carrie assisted in the arrangement of the International Women Suffrage Alliance at the Berlin Conference. She then committed and restricted herself to the peace movements in 1923.This she made work through lecturing, writing and also recruiting in the Suffrage movement. Her moves were mainly to free women and be allowed to vote and b heard as the. In a nutshell it was all about eradicating male chauvinism (Keller 2006). She was a hardworking lady who never lost hope an even after some members led by Alice Paul had left the union, she strategized and developed a future plan to keep the group alive. After her great achievement of the successful amendment of the constitution, she began a worldwide campaign and tour to help the women develop the right to vote (Levin

How to Write an Article Review Essay Example for Free

How to Write an Article Review Essay Writing an article review, which is also sometimes referred to as an article critique, is a special type of writing that involves reading an article and then providing the reader with your personal take on its content. In general, article review essays should start with a heading that includes a citation of the sources that are being reviewed. The first paragraph, which is the introduction to the article review, should provide a summary of the article highlights. This summary should not provide every last detail about the article being reviewed. Rather, it should only discuss the most important details. If you find yourself carrying on or needing more than one paragraph to write your summary, you need to revisit the paragraph and find ways to trim down the length of your summary. Following the brief summary of your article, you will then need to explain why the article is significant. Questions you should ask yourself when writing these paragraphs include: Does the article fill a void within the literature that already exists on the topic? Does the article contain any information that would be considered â€Å"breakthrough† information? Will the information contained within this article cause other people in the field to change their ideas about the subject matter or does it simply revisit information that is already known in the field? In your final paragraphs, you will need to present your personal evaluation of the article. Some questions you should ask yourself in order to come up with your personal evaluation include whether or not the article is well written and clear. You should also consider whether or not any information was missing and if more research is needed on the topic. If you are writing the article review for a class, try to connect the article to organizational and industrial experience and try to connect the content of the article to information that you have been studying in your course. As you write your article review, keep in mind that you are doing more than just a book report. Rather than focus on telling what the article was about, your article review should reflect your personal opinions on the article as well as how it affects you or the field in which it was written. After you have finished writing your article review, be sure to go back and re-read it. This way, you will be able to look at it with a fresh set of eyes and you may notice errors that you had not previously noticed. Outline of the Article Review Please include the following categories in your article review. Full Bibliographic Reference Introduction: Objectives, Article Domain, Audience, Journal and Conceptual/Emprical Classification Very Brief Summary Results Contributions Foundation Synthesis with other materials Analysis Additional Analysis General Critique) Further Critique of a Conceptual Article -or- Further Critique of an Empirical Article Issues (in your opinion). Questions Annotated Bibliography Citation Analysis Appendix 1. Full Bibliographic Reference State the full bibliographic reference for the article you are reviewing (authors, title, journal name, volume, issue, year, page numbers, etc. ) Important: this is not the bibliography listed at the end of the article, rather the citation of the article itself! 2. Introduction: Objectives, Article Domain, Audience, Journal and Conceptual/Emprical Classification Paragraph 1: State the objectives (goals or purpose) of the article. What is the articles domain (topic area)? Paragraph 2: State whether the article is conceptual or empirical, and why you believe it is conceptual or empirical. Empirical articles and conceptual articles have a similar objective: to substantiate an argument proposed by the author. While a conceptual article supports such an argument based on logical and persuasive reasoning, an empirical article offers empirical evidence to support the argument. Empirical articles offer substantial, detailed evidence which the authors analyze using statistical methods. Empirical articles must include hypotheses (or propositions), detailed research results, and (statistical) analyses of this empirical evidence. Empirical research includes experiments, surveys, questionnaires, field studies, etc, and to limited degree, case studies. Conceptual articles may refer to such empirical evidence, but do not provide the detailed analysis of that evidence. 3. Brief Summary For an article review, do not spend much space summarizing the article. Instead focus on analysis of the article. Thus, in this section, summarize the article only very briefly. Paragraph 1: what is the problem or opportunity being addressed Paragraph 2: which solution is proposed (the solution could be a new model or a theory that explains the problem) Paragraph 3: what evidence is put forth that this solution is appropriate (If this is an empirical article, be sure to briefly describe what kind of empirical study was done as part of the evidence) 4. Results Very briefly summarize the important points (observations, conclusions, findings) in the article. Please do not repeat lists of items in the articles just summarize the essence of these if you feel they are necessary to include. 5. Contributions. An article makes a contribution by adding to the knowledge of researchers in a research field. An article can make a contribution to the research field in many ways. Does it provide a new way to look at a problem? Does it bring together or synthesize several concepts (or frameworks, models, etc. ) together in an insightful way that has not been done before? Does it provide new solutions? Does it provide new results? Does it identify new issues? Does it provide a comprehensive survey or review of a domain? Does it provide new insights? Also, is it salient (relevant and current) to a particular scientific issue or managerial problem? Are the issues addressed introduced in a way that their relevance to practice is evident? Would answers to the questions raised in the article likely to be useful to researchers and managers? Note: Do not discuss the contributions of the technologies the article describes, but rather the contributions of the article itself! The articles contributions should be original. Describe each contribution clearly in a separate paragraph or bullet point. Discuss why the contribution is important. Alternatively, if you believe the article makes no contributions, explain why clearly. 6. Foundation. Good research often is built upon theories and frameworks that other researchers have developed. Sometimes articles will be substantially based upon this prior work, and refer back to it in some detail. (Not all research articles will do this. ) Which theoretical foundations does this article and research build on, if any? In what ways? Include references/citations of the foundation work. (You can determine this in part from the works the article cites. )Note, however, that most works cited are not core foundational work, but rather just support certain aspects of the article. Similarly, do not confuse a general discussion of related topics as foundational work. If the article does not build upon key pieces of prior research, then write in your review This article does not build upon any foundation research. (If you do not state this explicitly, you will not receive credit for this section. ) 7. Synthesis with Class Materials Synthesis means analyzing a particular topic by comparing and contrasting it with, and thinking about it from the viewpoint of, the class materials from across the semester. These materials include the articles, models, frameworks, guidelines and other concepts weve covered. (Of course, only certain materials will be relevant for any given article. )Note: You have to do this synthesis! You need to relate this article to other things we have studied, so by definition you will not find this analysis in the article itself! You also could analyze the approach the author took to the articles analysis and discussion. Discuss the articles approach and results in terms of one or more of the frameworks, etc. , from the text or readings, or any you find elsewhere. As part of this analysis, reference other articles youve read, when appropriate. Compare the approach, results and contribution with all articles about similar topics or with a similar approach. For all of these, do your synthesis comparison in as much depth as you can! 8. Analysis Note: Many people assume this category is the same as General Critique. It is not. General Critique is a different category from this, and follows below. What has changed since the article was written? How do its lessons, ideas and theories still apply? To what extent has its issues been resolved? Additional Analysis Optionally, try applying the articles models, frameworks and guidelines, etc. yourself. Do you find them useful? In addition, you may optionally add your own additional analysis in a separate subsection. (Do not repeat the authors analysis in the paper you could summarize this as part of the results section. ) 9. General Critique In this section you should state your opinions of how well (or poorly) the authors did their research and presented the research results in the article. Your critique can contain both positive and negative comments. Justify and explain in detail each of your critique points in a separate paragraph of at least 4-5 sentences. The following are suggestions only: Does it build upon the appropriate foundation (i. e. , upon appropriate prior research)? Did the authors choose the correct approach, and then execute it properly? How confident are you in the articles results, and why? Are its ideas really new, or do the authors simply repackage old ideas and perhaps give them a new name? Do the authors discuss everything they promise in the articles introduction and outline? What are the articles shortcomings (faults) and limitations (boundaries)? Did it discuss all of the important aspects and issues in its domain (topic area)? In what way should the article have made a contribution, but then did not? Do the authors make appropriate comparisons to similar events, cases or occurrences? How complete and thorough a job did the authors do? Do the authors include an adequate discussion, analysis and conclusions? Did they justify everything adequately? Did they provide enough background information for the intended audience to understand it? For you to understand it? Were there adequate and appropriate examples and illustrations? Ask yourself these questions when justifying your critique points: why/why not? how? what distinguishes the differences/different approaches, and in what ways? 9. 1. Further Critique of a Conceptual Article (only for conceptual articles) A critique of a conceptual article examines the logic of the arguments made by the authors. Both strengths and weaknesses should be identified in a critique. Explain and justify each of your critique points in at least 3-4 sentences. Give examples whenever possible. To the best of your abilities, discuss each of the following categories in a separate paragraph: 1. LOGICAL CONSISTENCY: Do any parts of the article or research contradict or invalidate other parts? If so, have the authors acknowledged and explained this adequately? 2. COHERENCE: Does the article make sense? Did the authors approach this article (and this research) sensibly? Does the article develop an argument that follows a coherent line of reasoning? Are the boundaries of the argument reasonably well defined? Does the argument anticipate most, if not all, rival arguments? Does the article flow in a logical sequence? Do later parts build logically upon earlier parts? 3. SUBSTANCE: Does the article provide an argument or a line of reasoning that offers insight into important issues, or does it merely summarize previous studies in a shallow way that does not reflect depth of analysis? Does the article provide ways (a model, framework, guidelines, etc. ) to guide future thinking about the issue(s) the author is addressing? 4. FOCUS: Is there a clear audience that the authors address? Was the article written at the appropriate level for this audience? 9. 2. Further Critique of an Empirical Article (only for empirical articles) A critique of an empirical article examines the strength of the empirical evidence supporting the authors argument. Both strengths and weaknesses should be identified in a critique. Explain and justify each of your critique points in at least 3-4 sentences. To the best of your abilities, discuss each of the following categories in a separate paragraph: 1. CLARITY: Is the articles purpose and argument clear? Do the researchers clearly develop a major research question, proposition, or hypothesis that is to be evaluated in the empirical study and discussed in this article? If the study is exploratory (preliminary), is sufficient justification for an exploratory strategy given? 2. THEORETICAL GROUNDING: Is the researchers argument grounded in more basic theory? Is it clear whether the structure of the empirical study (i. e., what they do) was derived from theory, or just made up? In theory-building articles, is the need for new theory adequately established? 3. DESIGN OF RESEARCH INVESTIGATION: Is it clear exactly how the empirical study was carried out? Is the design of the research approach (field study, experiments, questionnaires, etc. both contents and how they will be used) adequate to address the common threats to internal and external validity? Have appropriate controls been established, and is the selection of research sites justified? Are the hypotheses and experiments, etc., significant? 4. MEASUREMENT: Empirical studies can have quantitative measurements (i. e. , numeric results) and qualitative or subjective measurements. Are the measures used adequately described (i. e. , what is measured in the study and how)? Are data on the reliability and validity of these measures reported? Does the article feel anecdotal or solidly supported with evidence? For example, in case or field studies, are the results well documented? Is it clear who the subjects were, and with whom interviews were carried out? Were important results cross-checked, i. e., determined across a range of subjects or just gotten from one or two subjects? 5. ANALYSIS: Is the analysis of empirical data conducted properly? Do the data conform to the requirements of any statistical tests used? Are qualitative data adequately described and presented? 6. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: In discussing the results of the empirical study, do the authors remain true to the actual findings of the study? Are the claims made in the conclusion of the article actually supported by the empirical data? If the study is exploratory, do the authors offer research questions or hypotheses for future research? 7. BIASES: Do the biases of the authors affect the design of the research or the interpretation of the results? Are the authors aware of potential biases and the affect on the study? 10. Issues (listed by the author) What open questions or issues has the author stated remain unresolved? Discuss each in a separate paragraph of 5-10 sentences. Each issues paragraph should take the following format: what is the issue? why do you believe this is an important issue? in what way is it unresolved suggestions for resolving it if you give your own suggestions (instead of or in addition to the authors, then precede each with I would propose If it has been resolved since the article was written, then state how it was resolved. 11. Issues (in your opinion) List several open questions or issues which remain unresolved in your opinion? For example, what possible future research questions could arise from this article? Discuss each in a separate paragraph of 5-10 sentences. Each issues paragraph should take the following format: what is the issue? why do you believe this is an important issue? in what way is it unresolved suggestions for resolving it 12. Questions List three insightful questions of your own, arising from this article. Do not ask definitions, but rather questions that really make one think. 13. Annotated Bibliography For every item you have cited in your report, you need a full reference and an annotation explaining it. List the full bibliographic references (authors, title, journal name, volume, issue, year, page numbers, etc. ) for anything you have cited in your review. IMPORTANT: This is NOT the bibliography listed at the end of the article. It is the bibliographic references for any readings you yourself referred to inside your review. Write 2-4 sentences describing the article. Write 2-3 sentences describing why you cited it. 14. Citation Analysis Appendix If the article has no citations then write in that section I found no citations in the [Science Citation Index or the Social Sciences Citation Index or on the Internet]. Note, if your article has more than 20 citations, you only need to include a selection of them: State how many citations each index has and the Web search found List 1-2 citations for each year in which the article has been cited. Try to include citations from several different journals spread over your selection ? Include a citation analysis to see who has cited it and how.

Essay --

Adolf Eichmann Imagine a life of hiding in fear from being killed and hunted down, which is what the Holocaust was. During the Holocaust everyone believes that Hitler is the one to blame. This is partially true, he does deserve most of the blame yet Adolf Eichmann shares some of it being one to help send over 6 million Jews to death in centration camps. It all started while Eichmann was a little boy. Adolf Eichmann was born on March 19, 1906 in Solingen, Germany. He and the rest of his family moved to Linz, Australia while Adolf was in Grade School. Believe it or not his best friend growing up was Jewish. His mother died while Adolf was at a young age and his father remarried promptly after. Adolf was the only one to fail out of his high school and not graduate of his family (Ruth 10-12). Adolf Eichmann’s father put him into a school to become an engineer out of desperation for his son to succeed. Adolf Flunked out of that school just as he had in high school. His family thought of him to be a disappointment. His father started a mining company and employed Adolf but he didn’t do well at that job either. Adolf’s father pushed him to excel but Adolf just had no desire to work. Adolf would soon leave the mining business and join the army rather than to stay and work for his father (Ruth 12-15). Adolf Eichmann joined the army in an effort to alleviate boredom but ended up getting bored. He thought that it was repetitive, doing the same thing every day, all day. He told his drill instructor that the only reason he was doing so well was because his father would not buy him some new gloves and he was angry because of that. His anger made him surpass the rest of the soldiers. Adolf was promoted to the Austrian Legion. The Austrian L... ...ny responsibility for his father's actions and is content with the penalty the trail gave his father. Ricardo was the youngest of Adolf's sons. (Coffee with Eichmann Ynet) Adolf Eichmann was found guilty of his crimes against Jewish people and was sentenced to death. Eichmann was hung on June 1, 1962. He was cremated and his ashes were put in the middle of the sea off the coast of Israel. His final words were very long. He talks about how he was just following orders which is true but that doesn't make it any more right to aid in the killing of over 6 million Jews. Eichmann said, â€Å"To sum it all up, I regret nothing." (Coffee with Eichmann (Ynet) Eichmann was truly evil and deserves a lot of the blame. He deported the Jews to the concentration camps. He was involved in sending over 6 million Jews to their death. He was a coward and fled the country after the war.

Beer Wars-Documentary Review

MBA 650EV| Beer Wars| A Documentary| | Table of Contents Introduction2 How the Large Got/Stay Large2 Why Light is King3 Craft Beer Facts3 The Craft Beer Way4 Spreading the News5 Large Feeling the Effects5 Political Issues6 Conclusion7 Introduction Beer Wars was a very eye-opening documentary. It was interesting to see how the market share of the largest beer company, Anheiser-Busch, has grown throughout the years. In 1965, Anheiser-Busch had a meager market share of twelve percent. As marketing on television grew in popularity, Anheiser-Busch’s market share grew as well.By 1985, Anheiser-Busch’s market share had grew to thirty-seven percent. By 2005, Anheiser-Busch’s market share had grown to an enormous forty-nine percent. This was very shocking to me that one company could control almost one-half of the market share of a $97 billion industry. Also, in 1985, the other two largest beer makers, Miller and Coors, made up about twenty-six percent of the market share . Thus, in 2005, major beer companies made up seventy-five percent of the beer sales in the United States. Which tells us that craft breweries only had twenty-five percent of the market share.How the Large Got/Stay Large In the beginning, all beers were craft beers, until the big three companies wanted to grow, and grow they did. Unfortunately, as the three largest beer companies in the United States grew, the beer-drinking public that was buying their beer were actually the people who were suffering. The reason that I say this is because of the way the large beer manufacturers got to this point. The large beer manufacturers were not very concerned about the quality of their beers as much as they were about the number of sales that were created.The way that the large beer companies did this was through their advertising campaigns. The large beer companies were/are millions and millions of dollars during different sporting functions and on every day television. Beer Wars told us that , on average, there is about $1. 5 billion spent on advertising by the large beer companies every single year. That number is astounding to me, considering how popular their beers are. I think if they were to cut back their advertisements by about 50%, they would still maintain a stranglehold on the beer market in the United States.Another way that large beer companies tend to stay on top of the market is through shelf space at different locations. The large beer companies tend to make many different varieties of beers and thus are afforded more space on the shelves and local markets and liquor stores. This leaves a very small area for craft beers to be displayed, especially when it is very difficult to determine if a beer is a craft beer or made by one of the large beer companies. I will talk more about this later in the discussion. Why Light is King The large beer companies tend to market light lager beers, and for good reason.About eighty-five percent of the beer consumed in the United States is light lager. So, Miller Lite, Coors Light and Bud-Light are very good money makers for the large beer companies. I would not blame the companies for pushing and selling what the people want, or is this what people want? Craft Beer Facts Well, craft beers haven’t fully caught on in the beer markets. NPR. org tells us that craft beers only make up about five percent of the total beer market. According to NPR. org, there are currently over two thousand breweries in the United States.Of those two thousand, about 1,950 of those breweries are considered craft beer breweries. That’s another very interesting point. Ninety-five percent of the breweries in the United States are brewing about five percent of the beer that is sold in the United States. That really doesn’t seem right, but NPR. org goes on to tell us that in order to be a craft brewery, the breweries cannot brew more than 6 million barrels of beer every year. According to texaswatchdog. org, Anheiser-Busch alone brewed over one hundred million barrels of beer in 2011. That is an amazingly large amount of beer for one company to sell.This also tells us that the hope is not nearly lost for craft brewers. If all of the 1,950 craft brewers produced only ? million barrels of beer each year, they could easily cripple the large beer manufacturers with an influx of 975 million barrels of beer flooding the marketplace. But, the vast majority of craft brewers would never want to do that. The Craft Beer Way The craft brewers in the United States and around the world have a completely different take on what it means to brew beer. Dogfish Head craft beer was said to only have . 0002% of the market share of beer sales in the United States.According to brewersassociation. org, Dogfish Head craft beer ranked 12th in the nation in 2011, based upon the number of sales for a craft brewery. That is truly amazing, how a company ranked 12th in the whole country in craft beer sales still only has . 0002% of the total market share of the beer industry. However, the owner of the company said that he would never want to grow like the large beer companies have. He is more concerned about each and every bottle of beer being the best beer possible, rather than worrying too much about how many cases he is able to send out the door.As a whole, craft beer makers try to capture their piece of the market through differentiation of their products and not through advertising like the large beer companies. Craft beer makers still try to do new and interesting things with beer, but they do their best not to lose focus on the most important factor, a good quality brew. Spreading the News Beer Wars told us that one event that allows craft breweries to get their name out to the public is the great American beer festival. This is an event where brewers go to from all over the world for people to sample and try different beers that the craft brewers make.This is a great way for the small b reweries to get their name out to the market. Unfortunately, Beer Wars told us that even the large beer companies are starting to attend this event. Large Feeling the Effects The large beer companies have now started feeling the effects of small craft beers in the marketplace. According to brewerassociation. org, craft brew beer sales have increased from about one percent to about six percent of market share in the past fifteen years. This is the only portion of the beer industry to have any sign growth in that timeframe.Once again, the large beer companies are using their financial advantage to combat this trend. Anheiser-Busch has gone out and purchased several small beer company names and have been selling them as craft beers, where in fact they are mass produced at one of many Anheiser-Busch’s factories. Another way that large beer companies are flexing their monetary muscles is through lawsuits. Beer Wars described how one craft brewer was being sued by Anheiser-Busch fo r using a name that the brewer had used for years. The problem with this is that Anheiser-Busch had not been using that name for very long.Another issue with this is that craft brewers do not have the financial means to be able to hold off many lawsuits from large beer manufacturers. The reason that this is difficult for craft beer makers is the fact that funding for craft breweries is very hard to come by. Usually investors either invest in very large ventures or very small ventures. Most of the time, craft beer makers are somewhere in the middle as far as their funding needs go. Because of this oddity, gaining funds for the production facilities for a craft brewery is very hard to obtain through normal financing. Political IssuesSome of the other challenges for the craft beer manufacturers is found in Washington, D. C. Beer Wars tells us that beer lobbyists are one of the most powerful group of lobbyists in Washington. The main focus of these lobbyists is ensuring that the three-t ier system of distribution is held intact. The three-tier distribution system basically splits up the beer manufacturers, the beer distributors and the beer retailers. This rule was put in after prohibition to make sure that beer sales would be fair across all persons involved. Basically, so the large beer makers couldn’t prevent others from getting their product onto store shelves.Unfortunately, this is exactly what is happening. Distributors tend to lend favor to the large beer companies, because they are paid by how much beer they deliver, and as we saw from Beer Wars, the large beer manufacturers still control that volume of beer sales. So, when the distributors are putting the beer on the shelves of the retailer, they will basically give the large beer companies whatever kind of shelving presence that they desire, basically because they are getting incentivized to do so. I definitely think that the three-tier system needs to be looked at and revamped to meet the needs of today’s marketplace.Conclusion Overall, this documentary was a very interesting look into the beer manufacturer marketplace. I never realized before how devious the large beer manufacturers are when it comes to protecting their market share. With both the lawsuits over naming rights and the basic control of beer distributors, it’s amazing that any craft beer makers even stand a chance of holding any portion of market share. I believe that the large beer manufacturers are scared of what could happen very quickly if they do not do something to respond to the expanding requirements for quality beer in the marketplace.This documentary definitely made me change my mind on how I thought about craft beers. I always figured it was just some fad that would eventually fade away. I see now that this is not the case at all. Craft brews are just being produced to give the marketplace a much higher quality, even if they have to pay a little more. I have a much greater respect for c raft beer manufacturers. I would hope to someday be able to brew my own beer just to see how fulfilling it can be. I will definitely start drinking more craft beers because of this documentary. References (Other Than Beer Wars) 1. BREWERS ASSOCIATION RELEASES TOP 50 BREWERIES IN 2011. †Ã‚  Brewers Association. Brewers Association, 17 Apr. 2012. Web. 28 Nov. 2012. . 2. Chappell, Bill. â€Å"U. S. Craft Beer Brewers Thrive, Despite Small Share Of The Market. †Ã‚  NPR. org. NPR, 18 May 2012. Web. 28 Nov. 2012. . 3. Lisheron, Mark. â€Å"Anheuser-Busch InBev Roars against Craft Breweries Bill in Texas Legislature. †Ã‚  Texas Watchdog | Investigating Government Waste, Fraud

How the Environment plays a role in Learning Essay

Learning is a process which touches on almost every aspect of human life. Surprisingly, it is through learning that the experiences of the past are passed on to the younger generation by parents as well as educators. It is impossible to get knowledge without learning. Apart from knowledge, learning equips people with skills and abilities that enable them to deal perfectly with the complexities of life. Through learning for instance, individuals get to know about the rules that enable them to interact in their social lives. Learning is however not unique. It networks with an individual’s social life and the environment (Custom Essay, 2009). Richlin in his book, Blue print for learning: constructing collage courses to facilitate, access and document learning, acknowledges that â€Å"Learning does not occur in a vacuum. † It cannot occur in isolation either and is dependent on various factors such as the environment (Richlin, 2006). The environment is the substance upon which learning is laid upon. It forms the backbone of learning. Environment thus plays a significant role as far as the learning process is concerned. The environment can affect the learning process either positively or negatively. This research paper seeks to look at various environmental factors and the roles they play in the learning process. The Natural Environment Though in the current world there is a high rise of technology and people can change the environment to suit their needs, the impact of natural environment on learning is still so strong and cannot be ignored. For example, people who were brought up in rural areas are very different from those in urban area. This is in respect to what each has learned. Those from the remote areas are in contact with nature itself. They learn so much from nature since their dwelling place is so natural and has not been contaminated by human activities. On the other hand, a city dweller has no natural environment access and barely learns much from it. He or she is even less concerned with what is happening in the natural environment. Lessons on nature become challenging to city dwellers but remote dwellers learn with ease (Custom Essay, 2009). It is in the natural environment that historical, scientific, and geographical materials for learning are found in plenty. These natural features are fun to learn when individuals know what they are learning about. For instance, those located near the ocean or sea will have fun learning about the marine ecosystem. Likewise those in mountainous regions will enjoy a geography lesson on types of mountains. Learning in these natural environments is so real, so natural, and so meaningful and students tend to perform better than those who learn in the theoretical way in the cities (Smith, 2010). Social Environment Many people do not know that social environment plays a fundamental role in the process of learning. Humans are social beings and they can neither live nor learn in an isolated situation. Ones a child is born, the learning process begins from the social environment. By crying, the child knows that it will be attended to by the society around it. The first people to get in touch with an individual from an early age are from the family members. The family at this level is the social environment for the child. Basic knowledge is learned from the parents and it becomes the foundation of an individual’s future life. The social environment then expands as the individual advances in age. He or she can learn from friends, peers, and influential adults (Custom Essay, 2009). However, different people that an individual comes into contact with, impact differently on his or her learning process. At the early stage of a person’s life, parents shape the views, beliefs and equip the person with basic knowledge, skills and the abilities. The family can affect the child negatively or positively. For instance, statistics reveal that children under family abuse score less in exams than the ones who have been raised normally free from abuse. Abused children feel useless and they develop a negative self image. They undermine their learning ability and hence perform poorly in the learning process. In contrast, a family can positively motivate a child by encouraging them to believe they can. Such children build confidence in themselves that enable them to face challenges at home and in school. This positively influences their learning. The time the parents spend with their children also influences learning. Very committed parents like those in the military have little time for their children and therefore children do not get all the knowledge that they require. Other parents have a high priority for discipline and they will raise-up disciplined children. High level discipline augers well with learning (Smith, 2010). At the adolescent stage, peers mean everything to an individual’s life. An individual develops personality through the interaction with his or her peers (Custom Essay, 2009). Learning can be impaired if the teen chooses a bad social grouping. Anti-social behaviors like drug and substance abuse will no doubt impair a person’s learning process. Drug and substance abuse interferes with the activity of the mind in processing information. There is also the interference with the normal functioning of the body. In addition, some people spend much of their time in non-constructive activities like gambling. They therefore do not concentrate in their classroom activities leading to poor performance (Smith, 2010). Despite the fact that most of a person’s personality has already been shaped by the time they reach adulthood, adults still learn even in old age. The social environment affects the learning process of an adult (Custom Essay, 2009). The Physical Environment The physical environment also affects the learning process. To start with, the structures in which people, particularly students, spend most of their days will determine the quality of learning. Research has shown that students in shabby schools rarely perform well as compared to those in decent schools. Shabby structures are not attractive to the learners and they do not feel motivated to learn either. They might also be missing some structures such as windows which will pose a danger to learning especially in times of hurricanes and rains. A good physical environment is attractive and cultivates positive attitudes in both learners and teachers. Schools or learning environments should be friendly if at all the desirable learning is going to take place. There should be attractive spaces to give students comfort the way they would in a cafe. Learning is therefore improved with the physical environment improvement. In the classrooms, the arrangement of desks and spacing all count to the learning process. Studies have revealed that students who are less attentive and barely successful are mostly affected by arrangement of desks. Their queer behaviors will tend to increase when they are in rows rather than around tables. To make sure that all students are monitored, clustering of students should be avoided. This ensures that there is enough space for every student and there is no opportunity for the misconduct of students. The students therefore will be serious and of course learn more in spacious classes (Victorian Institute of Teaching, nd). Other physical aspects that determine the process of learning include climate, noise, and color. Extreme temperatures negatively affect the quality of learning (Victorian Institute of Teaching, nd). Hurricanes will also have their part to play. Many other disastrous weather conditions affect learning negatively. The student will spend more time fighting with the disasters than in their studies. Poor weather reduces the level of concentration (Smith, 2010). Noise disrupts the whole process of teaching and learning. Too much noise leads to the impairment of the cognitive function. Most reading and studying problems are associated with noise. Furthermore it is difficult for a student to hear what the teacher is saying if there is a lot of noise in the environment. Likewise color affects the efficiency and motivation in learning. Choice of colors depends primarily on the learners’ age and gender. Brighter colors go well with young children and adolescents will be attracted by subdued colors. Males feel at peace with brighter colors but females would like softer colors. Careful considerations should therefore be made when furnishing classrooms to avoid negative influences (Victorian Institute of Teaching, nd). The Cultural Environment Individuals are from different cultural backgrounds. The styles of learning differ from one culture to another. In the developing worlds like Asia and Africa, teachers, mentors and parents insist on the observation of strict discipline in the process of teaching and learning. Children are not given time to air their views. In contrast, in developed countries like US, learning is less controlled and children are allowed to actively participate in learning and teaching processes. This may go a long way to motivating students for better performance. Restrictions on the other hand will make students hate the whole process of learning and teaching (Smith, 2010). The learning process is also affected by the nature of the cultural environment. Some cultures may have a special respect when it comes to knowledge acquisition. People who are learned are greatly respected. These people become mentors to the learner and boost their morale. For example, if a child grows up admiring a certain engineer, chances are that he or she will learn more to become that engineer. Additionally, in the developed countries almost everyone is educated. They also have better resources such as equipped libraries and internet facilities. Their children therefore receive information they require in learning from diverse areas. The more the resources, the more simplified the learning process will be. On the other hand, inadequate resources will always pose a threat to the learning process. In addition, poor countries have a high number of uneducated people and thus do not act as motivators to learning (Smith, 2010). Some cultures also may influence learning by holding a special position in a particular area of study. For along time, there have been talks on mathematics, sciences and languages. Certain cultural backgrounds may fail to put weight on the study of language such as in Myanmar. Some tribes here have no records of their written language. Students from such localities are restricted by their cultural environment to learn the language. They will only have few language experiences. Other cultures will put more emphasis on subjects like mathematics. Learning mathematics for students from these environments will not be a difficult task. The cultural environment therefore dictates what is to be learnt and to what extent (Catherine, 2010). Classroom Setting There are different classroom settings all of which affect the process of learning. Learners tend to perceive various settings differently. For instance, in comparing the traditional classroom teaching with online learning, traditional though passed by time, provides the best setting. Online learning does not monitor the learner’s move. Learning therefore is at the mercy of the learner’s self discipline. More so, there is no reinforcement offered by online learning and there is no educator-recipient direct interaction. In traditional classroom environment, the learner’s moves are closely monitored, there is teacher-student contact and therefore reinforcement is guaranteed. The teacher is in a position to learn the psychological weakness of a student. Once the problem is known, the student can be helped out. Students of the traditional setting will always perform better academically than online students. The learning process is therefore affected by the kind of setting selected (Smith, 2010).

sex essays

sex essays Using his unique style and structure, Joseph Heller masterfully manages to interlay humor and terror, comedy and tragedy, and reveals in the process the perversions of the human character and of society gone mad. The first stroke of Heller's deft touch is his presentation of outrageous characters, acting outrageously. From the first chapter, we are presented with a slew of unbelievable characters whose actions and ideologies are uproariously funny, and horrifically disturbing. In fact, the manner in which the reader recognizes the character's dual nature will serve as the first example of Heller's amalgamation of comedy and tragedy. Dunbar's theory of life is first received with a burst of laughter from the audience. Life is short, and Dunbar wishes to extend it as much as possible. If time flies when one is having fun, then conversely, time must slow when one is bored. Dunbar endeavors to make his life as boring as possible, thus increasing the length of its passing. Indeed, it is understandable why such an attitude should elicit a laugh, but the further implications are horrific. Society's emphasis on life over meaning comes as a shocking revelation to the audience. Heller further reinforces that idea with characters such as Doc Daneeka, who values self-preservation and money over responsibility and friendship, and Milo who values self-improvement and fortune over the lives of thousands of others. The motif that follows gives us characters that are, above all else, more interested in self (Cathcart, Mrs. Daneeka, Duckett, the Old Man, Peckem, etc.). Though they are initially humorous, their nature is ultimately revealed to be false and horrific, arousing disgust and pity, a brilliant combination of comedy and tragedy. The perversion of society is revealed further in a second major type of character, the deluded. Though most serve largely as foils to Yossarian and his philosophy, much can still be made of their condition. Clevinge...

Defining Tadaima in Japanese

Defining Tadaima in Japanese The meaning of the Japanese word Tadaima is Im back home. However, the literal translation of tadaima from Japanese to English is actually â€Å"just now. It would be awarkard in English to say   â€Å"just now† when arriving home, but in Japanese this phrase really means, â€Å"I just came home. Tadaima is a shortened version of the original Japanese phrase â€Å"tadaima kaerimashita,† which means, â€Å"I just came home.† Responses to Tadaima Okaerinasai 㠁Šã â€¹Ã£ Ë†Ã£â€šÅ Ã£  ªÃ£ â€¢Ã£ â€ž or Okaeri 㠁Šã â€¹Ã£ Ë†Ã£â€šÅ are responses to Tadaima. The translation of those words is welcome home. Tadaima and okaeri are two of the most common Japanese greetings. In fact, the order in which they are said is not important. For those fans of anime or Japanese dramas, youll hear   these phrases over and over. Related Phrases: Okaeri nasaimase! goshujinsama (㠁Šã â€¹Ã£ Ë†Ã£â€šÅ Ã£  ªÃ£ â€¢Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¾Ã£ â€ºÃ£ â€Ã¤ ¸ »Ã¤ º ºÃ¦ §ËœÃ¢â„¢ ¥) means â€Å"welcome home master.† This phrase is used a lot in anime by maids or butlers. Pronunciation of Tadaima Listen to the audio file for Tadaima. Japanese Characters for Tadaima 㠁Ÿã   Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¾Ã£â‚¬â€š

Lead discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lead discussion - Assignment Example On the other hand, the Euro-Americans benefited from the regions where the Indian- Americans left as they were pushed to the west. The whole scenario outraged the natives because the Euro-Americans saw them as inferior and they started to treat the environment in a way that the natives did not like. Moreover, Indian-Americans were persuaded to give land to Euro-Americans and US government at a low amount by signing a treaty. Therefore, â€Å"The Chief Seattle’s of 1854 Oration† is a lamentation speech because the Indian-Americans were given a raw deal. The treaty led to scattering of Native Americans since they surrendered their land to the superior white race. This was believed to extinct most of the natives. Because of this, the chief Seattle tries to persuade the Americans to treat the natives with utmost respect because they were feeling the effects of harsh living conditions to places they were pushed. One is that the white chief does not need the friendships of the natives. This is elaborated in the quote, â€Å"The white chief says that Big Chief at Washington sends us greetings of friendship and goodwill. This is kind of him for we know he has little need of our friendship in return†. Relating some subjects with the main discussion was difficult and took me much time to know their meaning. For instance, â€Å"Day and night cannot dwell together† was used to show disparity between natives and colonizers because they cannot stay

Russian Labour Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Russian Labour Movement - Essay Example In the Russia political organizations had as yet no 'genuine pressure' on the labour force and trade unions existed only in nascent structures. "The soviets were the command of a purpose necessitates for a union which has authority without having conventions, and which can instantly hug hundreds of thousands of labours. A union, besides, which can coalesce all the futuristic partialities inside the employees, which haves both preparations and self-disciplines, and, which is the most important thing, can be termed into being in 24 hours."... [But] "Groups were organizations in the proletariat, the Soviets was the organization of the working class" (1909, p. 82-228). Essentially, and undoubtedly, the 1905 Revolution was a bourgeois uprising, propped up by the noninterventionist middle class to rupture Czarist absolutism and to move on Russia by way of a Constituent Assembly headed for the circumstances that continued living in the more industrialized capitalistic states (Dresden 1909, p. 82-228). In no more as the most important workers thought in political settings, they mainly distributed the agenda of the moderate bourgeoisie proletariats. And so did the entire current socialist organizations which established the need of a bourgeois uprising as a prerequisite for the structure of a powerful labour movement and a forthcoming proletarian revolt under more highly developed conditions in Russia. The soviet formation of the Russian Revolution moved out with the disturbing of the revolution in 1905, only to come back in larger movement in the Revolution of 1917. It was these soviet movements which encouraged the development of similar precipitate organizations in the 1918 German Revolution1, in addition, to a certain extent, the social upheavals in England, France, Italy, and as well as Hungary. With the council system a form of organization cropped up which could direct and systematize the self-actions of very large masses for either restricted ends or for revolutionary objectives, and which could do so independently of, against, or alongside, existing labour organizations. The best part of every one, the raise of the council system confirmed that impulsive actions need not dissolve in amorphous mass-exertions but could matter into organizational constitutions of a too much 'interim nature'. The Russian Revolution of 1905 rejuvenated left-wing resistances in the socialist groups of the Westerns, but so far more regarding the impulsiveness of its group strikes than the organizational shape these events assumed. But the reformist 'magic charm' was not working any more; revolution was seen as a genuine possibility once again. However, in the West it would not be a bourgeois self-ruled but a pure proletarian revolution. But be that as it may, the constructive approach toward the Russian incident was not as yet changed into a refusal of the parliamentary processes of the reformist groups of the Second International. The 1917 Russian Revolution was the outcome of impulsive movements in remonstration to more and more excruciating circumstances throughout the disastrous war. Strikes and protests rocketed into a broad revolution which established the maintenance of some armed units and caused the fall down of the Czarist administration. The revolution was supported by a wide