Law Of Business Organization And Their Case - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk about the Law Of Business Organization And Their Case. Answer: The corporate lawful issues confronting Rio Tinto Limited in Australia As per area 180 of the Corporations Act 2001 it tends to be said that the chiefs and officials of an organization needs to practice their forces with due consideration and perseverance while releasing their obligations (Corporations Act, 2001). The obligation of the executive or the official would be evaluated from the perspective of a sensible individual. The activity of intensity by the chief or official of an organization would be viewed as without due consideration and tirelessness on the off chance that it is built up that a sensible man going about as an executive in his position would not have done likewise in the given condition. In any case, to evaluate a similar it is important to speculatively put a sensible individual in a similar situation as a chief. As indicated by subsection 180(2) it is fundamental the choice taken and the forces practiced by the executives or officials of an organization must be in accordance with some basic honesty. Any of the forces practiced by t he chief or officials of an organization can't be in personal circumstance of such executive and official. It is to be referenced that as per subsection 180(2d) of the previously mentioned act, powers practiced by the chief or official must be in the conviction that such exercise of intensity would be to the greatest advantage of the organization. For this situation the previous officials of the mining mammoth Rio Tinto, Tom Albanese and Guy Elliot have been accused of extortion by the U.S specialists (ABC News, 2018).They are blamed for not adhering to the bookkeeping guidelines and covering the misfortunes endured. It tends to be said that the previously mentioned parties hid from the financial specialists about the misfortune endured because of the ineffective arrangement which occurred under the watch of the previously mentioned parties. Along these lines it very well may be said that the corporate legitimate issues looked by the officials of Rio Tinto are inability to act with due consideration and steadily. It can likewise be said that they had not taken due consideration to act in compliance with common decency and didn't act to the greatest advantage of the organization. In this way they neglected to follow the arrangements expressed in segment 180 of the previously mentioned act. The gatherings have additionally been accused of extortion as expressed in segment 596 of the Corporations Act 2001. As indicated by this area an official will of an organization will be held to have submitted extortion on the off chance that he has acted in a manner to dupe the organization and loan bosses of the organization. In this manner the demonstration of hiding the misfortune endured t the financial specialists would establish misrepresentation. Roads open to the law specialists and Directors It is to be said that the administration body which is liable for overseeing the arrangements of the Corporations Act 2001, is the Australian Securities and Investment Commission. It tends to be said that the forces of the Australian Securities and Investment commission is administered by the Australian protections and Investment Commission Act. In this manner, regarding the picked case it very well may be said that the Australian Securities and Investment commission can be spoke to for infringement of the arrangements of Corporations Law by the executive and official of Rio Tinto as referenced previously. The Australian Securities and Investment Commission and the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission and the Australian Taxation Office have a wide scope of forces which incorporates directing examination to help the law authorization specialists with the proof (Shekhar Zheng, 2017). A portion of the Investigation forces of the previously mentioned bodies incorporate capacity to review the books of creation, the ability to cross examine an individual for getting important data, capacity to lead examination in the premises (Gilligan Bird, 2015). It is to be referenced that there are a few securities and benefits accessible to the organization and its chiefs. The organizations and the chiefs of the partnerships have the benefit of making guarantee over the documentation. It tends to be expressed that the in the reviews led by the previously mentioned Australian Security and Investment Commission, the official and the chief who is examined doesn't reserve the option to stay quiet. Anyway it very well may be referenced that the executives and officials of an organization are given insusceptibility which disallows the specialist from utilizing the appropriate responses acquired in common and criminal procedures. In the wake of leading the examination the controllers o f the examination may seek after law requirement as common and criminal procedures (Bainbridge, 2015). It very well may be noticed that Enforcement procedures by the previously mentioned bodies can incorporate issue of between time requests and order to freeze the advantages of the company. The directive request is by and large gave by the court at its watchfulness and the injunctive Relief can be gotten inside 24 hours of use for such order. A portion of the arrangements of the Corporations Act 2001 have application in extraterritorial areas. Subsequently, for this situation The US Securities and Exchange Commission can speak to the ASIC for directing an examination and can seek after requirement of common and criminal procedures against the previously mentioned parties. Important Case In the astounding case ASIC v Cassimatis (No 8) [2016] FCA 1023 it was held that they had submitted Beach of Duty of care as per area 180(1) of the Corporations Act 2001. It tends to be expressed that Mr. what's more, Mrs. Cassimatis had begun a money related organizer called Storm Financial. They had built up a plan which included acquiring of cash from speculators. Be that as it may, the plan created by Cassimatis included control and disguising a portion of the arrangements of the plan which would cause the financial specialists to contribute more than they wished to for a time of at least 5 years. The procedure or the Scheme concocted by the respondent included getting gainst security, acquiring edge advance and utilizing the assets from the credit to put resources into record finance. The point of the procedure was to set up a money hold. It is to be expressed that Storm Financial had crumpled with a misfortune in speculation supports worth of three billion dollars. The vendor d iscovered that the previously mentioned money related organizer had no monetary limit of neither checking the obligations of the customers nor deal with their portfolios. The speculators of the previously mentioned money related organizer had not been hinted of the falling apart estimation of the ventures made by them. The report by the ASIC found that Mr. furthermore, Mrs. Cassimatis were basically answerable for the misfortune and breakdown of the organization. It was likewise discovered that Mr. Cassimatis and his significant other were paid $500,000 consistently. In the Cassimatis case, it was held by the Federal Court that Mr. what's more, Mrs. Cassimatis had penetrated the obligations of the executive as they neglected to keep the organization from confronting the misfortune which was inescapable. It was held that they had additionally neglected to give sensible venture exhortation to Storm Financial. The court had expressed that any sensible man acting in the situation of Mr. Cassimatis would have found a way to forestall the misfortune endured and would have understood that the activities of Storm Financial were penetrating the law. It was additionally held that the sensible man would have vital precautionary measures to forestall such misfortune. Equity Edelman further expressed in this am azing case he was dicey whether any break of obligation by a partnership is a basic necessity for penetrate of obligation by a chief. The ASIC is requesting: Emanuel Julie Cassimatis should take care of a punishment for penetrate of obligations as executives, both the gatherings ought to be precluded from going about as chiefs of any organization the gatherings ought not be permitted to hold permit of Australia Financial Service Reference List: ASIC v Cassimatis (No 8) [2016] FCA 1023 Bainbridge, S. (2015).Corporate Law. West Academic. Partnerships Act 2001. (2018).Legislation.gov.au. Recovered 4 January 2018, from https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2017C00328 Gilligan, G., Bird, H. L. (2015). Budgetary Services Misconduct and the Corporations Act 2001. Rio Tinto, previous executives deal with misrepresentation indictments over African coal misfortunes. (2018).ABC News. Recovered 4 January 2018, from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-10-18/rio-tinto-and-previous supervisors accused of misrepresentation over-mozambique-/9060898 Shekhar, C., Zheng, J. (2017). Corporate Fraud, Local Connections and Directors.

BOEING Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

BOEING - Assignment Example The Boeing Company has a long history going back to 1916, when the author of the organization, William Boeing propelled an organization Pacific Aero Products. The following year the organization was renamed to Boeing Airplane and Transportation (MarketLine Advantage, 6). In 1929, the company’s name was changed again to United Aircraft and Transportation. At that point the organization has fundamentally extended its business activities and expanded into different business lines, (for example, airport’s upkeep and mail conveyance (MarketLine Advantage, 6). In 1934 the antitrust enactment confined responsibility for conveying carriers, and the organization has separated its business into three elements: United Aircraft (fabricating activities in the East of US), United Air Lines (air transportation) and the Boeing Airplane (producing tasks in the West of US) (MarketLine Advantage, 6). During the World War II, the Boeing Airplane Company focused on working of aircraft. Sinc e 1960’s the organization has extended its business essentially through various mergers and acquisitions, production of new divisions, and development of business tasks over the globe. These days, the organization serves clients in 150 nations over the globe and is perceived to be one of the biggest protection contractual workers in the USA and one of the two significant producers of 100+ singe planes for business purposes (MarketLine Advantage, 4). The Boeing Company serves a wide assortment of clients, among which are both government and business elements. A portion of the significant government clients of Boeing Company are: the US Air Force, the US Army, US DoD, US Navy, NASA, US Defense Logistics Agency Aviation, Israel Aircraft Industries, UK Ministry of Defense, European Aviation Safety Agency, US Federal Aviation Administration, and so forth. (MarketLine Advantage, 4). Basically all significant universal aircraft organizations use Boeing

Can Reusable and Recyclable Materials Save You Money (and the Environment) - OppLoans

Can Reusable and Recyclable Materials Save You Money (and the Environment) - OppLoans Can Reusable and Recyclable Materials Save You Money (and the Environment)? Can Reusable and Recyclable Materials Save You Money (and the Environment)?Saving through saving!First of all, let us establish something in the interest of comfortable human existence on the planet Earth: Individual choices will not be enough to stave off the worst effects of the damage human civilization has done to the environment. But making better individual choices certainly will not hurt â€" and it won’t hurt your wallet either.Using reusables can not only make a small positive impact on the environment, and a much larger one if many people get on board, but it can also have an impact on your bank account. A positive impact, in fact.Not all environmentally-friendly products are created equally, however. With the right reusables, you can save a lot of money (and a little planet).Cups and bottlesAre you drinking enough water? The answer is no. We do not care how much water you are drinking, you should be drinking more. Also we are not doctors, so ignore that advice. But do pay attention to the following advice:“My number one reusable that I wished more people knew about and used regularly is reusable water bottles and coffee cups,” suggests Kate Crowhurst, director of Money Bites. “My stainless steel water bottle has saved me a few dollars from my budget with each refill. That is not a life changing amount of money, but it is money that could be better spent elsewhere in my budget.”More reusable water bottles means fewer emissions in the production of new plastic water bottles, as well as fewer bottles in landfills and the oceans. Reusable coffee mugs or bottles have similar benefits, and you may be able to get a discount at your local coffee establishment if you bring your own container. If you’re a regular at Starbucks or your local brew house, that savings can add up over time.Grocery BagsMost supermarkets are filled with wasteful, single-use packaging. You can forego at least one of those instances on your way out, however.Reusable bags red uce waste, and are almost certainly sturdier than whatever disposable option the store provides. Much like some coffee shops, many supermarkets will offer a discount if you use g your own bag, and while it may not seem like much of a savings, the change can add up quickly.“Sure, the small fee you save by not paying for plastic bags at the till is not much, but if you use 10 bags every time you get groceries, that is $0.50,” advises Bri Bell, registered dietitian at Frugal Minimalist Kitchen. “Over a year of weekly shopping, this adds up to more than $25.”At least that’s the savings where Bell lives. States like California and Hawaii tax even higher. In Honolulu, the tax is currently 15 cents per bag.Moving suppliesMoving is a real pain. Acquiring moving boxes is rarely the most stressful part of the process, but it would not hurt to get it out of the way by reusing boxes you already have coming to you from Amazon or other online deliveries. And it could save some money and a little Earth, as well.Matt Woodley, founder of MoverFocus.com recommends this stockpiling method. You are also doing the right thing environmentally by using reusable cartons and are saving from forking out on brand new moving boxes,” he says. “If you plan your move early enough you really should not be spending a cent on packing materials.”Asking your moving company to help you out is another option. ”Your moving company may even offer you free cartons on the basis that either you return them after your move or they collect them upon delivery.” he says.Reusables at the officeIf you want to make a slightly bigger difference and save money in your workspace, you can try to make a push for sustainability across the building.Certain universities across the country are building entire sustainable communities by reducing how they care for and stock their facilities. The University of Texas at Austin ((UT Austin) is one of them. The school uses compostable materials in both i ts restrooms and cafeterias to help cut down on waste, as mentioned in this article on waste reduction..Whether you are in charge or just care enough, you can make a change, even if the change is more incremental than UT Austin’s approach. Award-winning sustainability author Shel Horowitz advises businesses on how they can be more sustainable, starting with giving your two-week notice (sort-of):“Announce two weeks ahead that you are greening the company and are getting rid of disposable plates, cups, straws, and cutlery,” Horowitz says. “Offer to buy reusable metal or bamboo straws for any employee that wants one. … Either supply branded company mugs (only if you have dishwashing equipment on-site) or encourage people to bring in their own distinctive mug that they can recognize instantly.”He also recommends looking out for recycled materials when you go shopping for supplies.You’re on the path to saving (both the planet and your dollars)Individual reusable use is not a silver bullet for the planet or your wallet. But it is one part of the much larger solutions to each of those problems.

Alice s Adventures And The Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And...

The Victorian era has released some of the most well known books known to date. Based on their background and the time period they grew up, authors from the Victorian era had to mask their work within stories with characters who go on grand adventures or experiences a sense of freedom. This can be seen in two novels, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, written by Lewis Carroll, and The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, written by Robert Lewis Stevenson. The two books are a good representation of madness and how, in a way, the Victorian culture and expectation drove the main characters to go mad and their use of potions, pills and drugs. Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, was a children’s book written by Lewis Carroll. The focus of†¦show more content†¦Whenever the queen is displeased it usually results in somebody getting their head cut off. This can be seen when Alice is put on trial in front of the queen and her court. The queens ruling results in Alice being guilty and becoming defiant to the queen. As a result the queen shouts, â€Å"off with her head!† (Carroll, 102). This represents Alice and her madness because as I stated earlier, this was all in Alice’s dream. Therefore the queen is a representation of what goes on in Alice’s head. She has that dark mental side to her nature. Another character that fall into madness is Dr. Jekyll from The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Dr. Jekyll is the representative of what the perfect Victorian man should act like. He has very high morals and conforms to society that way he does not get looked down upon. But on the flip side of that, he is human and has some flaws. Unlike Alice’s situation where we see her character slowly fall into madness, we are unaware that Dr. Jekyll is mad until the very end of the book when we discover that Mr. Hyde is Dr. Jekyll. Mr. Hyde represents Dr, Jekyll’s dark and mental side. He is a very violent character. According Mr. Utterson, Mr. Hyde is a very evil character and draws on the mental dark side of Dr. Jekyll. A couple of the characters make remarks about Mr. Hyde calling him evil and said they thought he was mad. Take for example, â€Å"I thought it was madness†¦.Show MoreRelatedAll Of Sarah Kane s Cleansed 2245 Words   |  9 Pagesof key themes that continuously surface throughout the text, such as love, sex, human nature and torture and suffering. These subjects are most likely the reason that Cleansed was categorised In-Yer-Face theatre . In fact, all of Sarah Kane s plays were classed as work that fell under the In-Yer-Face Theatre genre. This theatre style came about in the mid-90s and had a very short lifespan; it existed as a pre-9/11 genre. Since the events of 9/11, like the world we live in, theatre hasRead MoreThe Studio System Essay14396 Words   |  58 Pagescomplete control over design decisions, the personnel of the department, the assignment of tasks, and the attribution of credit. In the autocratic system that prevailed at MGM Gibbons had complete control. According to the director, Pandro S. Berman, He was the most influential person on the lot except for the owners, Nick Schenk in New York and Louis B. Mayer in Culver City (Affron 17). Gibbons was nominated for the Academy Award for Art Direction 40 times. He receivedRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers

Definition and Examples of Disjuncts in English Grammar

In English grammar, a disjunct is a type of sentence adverb that comments on the content or manner of what is being said or written. Put another way, a disjunct is a word or phrase that explicitly expresses the stance of a speaker or writer. Also called a sentence adjunct or sentence modifier. Unlike adjuncts, which are  integrated into the structure of a sentence or clause, disjuncts stand outside the syntactic structure of the text they are commenting on. In effect, says David Crystal, disjuncts look down from above on a clause, making a judgment about what it is saying or how it is phrased (Making Sense of Grammar, 2004). As explained below, the two basic types of disjuncts are content disjuncts (also known as attitudinal disjuncts) and style disjuncts.   The term disjunct is sometimes also applied to any of  two or more items connected by the disjunctive conjunction or. Etymology: From the Latin, to separate Examples and Observations Without a doubt, one of the  most popular and influential television shows  from the 1960s is the original  Star Trek  series, created by Gene Roddenberry.(Kenneth Bachor, Five  Things You Probably Didn’t Know About the Original  Star Trek. Time,  September 8, 2016)Strangely enough, they have a mind to till the soil, and the love of possessions is a disease in them.(Sitting Bull, Powder River Council Speech, 1875)â€Å"As weve discussed, the information you brought us has been, shall we say, a bit thin.  To be perfectly candid, my government feels as if were being played.†(Jeffrey S. Stephens, Targets of Opportunity, 2006)But sadly, one of the problems with being on public radio is that people tend to think youre being sincere all the time.(Ira Glass, quoted by Ana Marie Cox and Joanna Dionis in Mother Jones, September-October, 1998)Regrettably, the book is no longer in print, but copies can be found in libraries and secondhand bookshops.â€Å"Well, cou ld you sleep? the Count asked the next night upon his arrival in the cage.â€Å"Quite honestly, no, Westley replied in his normal voice.(William Goldman, The Princess Bride, 1973)Hopefully, the book will inspire readers to a wider interest in weather, atmospheric science, and earth science in general.(Keay Davidson, Twister. Pocket Books, 1996)Hopefully--and Other Commentary Disjuncts- Its time to admit that hopefully has joined that class of introductory words (like fortunately, frankly, happily, honestly, sadly, seriously, and others) that we use not to describe a verb, which is what adverbs usually do, but to describe our attitude toward the statement that follows. . . . But be aware that some sticklers still take a narrow view of hopefully. Will they ever join the crowd? One can only hope.(Patricia T. OConner, Woe Is I: The Grammarphobes Guide to Better English in Plain English, rev. ed. Riverhead Books, 2003)- Long before the controversial use of hopefully came along, it was p ossible to marshal words like happily, fortunately, foolishly, cleverly, in dual roles, as manner adverbs or disjuncts: He spent all his money foolishly or Foolishly, he spent all his money; He landed fortunately in a haystack or He landed in a haystack, fortunately; She did not weave all of the tapestry cleverly, Cleverly, she did not weave all of the tapestry. All the howling about hopefully, all the moralizing and execration, ignored the fact that a pattern of usage already existed, and that the hated word was merely taking up an available position. Other words of the same kind are currently being treated in the same way. One of them is regretfully, which is now being used as a commentary disjunct with the meaning It is to be regretted that . . . (Regretfully, we cannot serve early morning tea). This usage might be criticized on the grounds that we already have a perfectly adequate commentary disjunct in regrettably, and that there can be no good reason for pressing an impostor i nto service. Users, however, are stubbornly unanswerable to the gods of good reason.(Walter Nash, An Uncommon Tongue: The Uses and Resources of English. Routledge, 1992)Style Disjuncts and Content DisjunctsThere are two kinds of disjuncts: style disjuncts and content disjuncts. Style disjuncts express comments by speakers on the style or manner in which they are speaking: frankly as in Frankly, you have no chance of winning ( I am telling you this frankly); personally in Personally, Id have nothing to do with them; with respect in With respect, it is not up to you to decide; if I may say so in They are rather rude, if I may say so; because she told me so in She wont be there, because she told me so ( I know that because she told me so). Content disjuncts comment on the content of what is being said. The most common express degrees of certainty and doubt as to what is being said: perhaps in Perhaps you can help me; undoubtedly in Undoubtedly, she is the winner; obviously in Obviously , she has no wish to help us.(Sidney Greenbaum, Adverbial. The Oxford Companion to the English Language, ed. Tom McArthur, Oxford University Press, 1992)

Edgar Allan Poe Signature of a Genius Essay - 868 Words

Writing is a mirror of ones personality. When we write, we reveal a part of ourselves. We reveal our mind. We reveal our thoughts. If it is possible to exist, then it is possible to write, because writing is thinking, and thoughts are existence. This especially holds true to the mind of Edgar Allan Poe, who through writing time and time again about his love and loss through both poetry and general prose, generates the story of his life. In these pieces, not only does he create original plots, but deep within the fabric of these plots springs a background world of Poes own life, deeper than any allegory he produces or any poem he completes. The dark corners of Poes mind are distinctly represented in his entire work body. Experiences,†¦show more content†¦It is very obvious what Poe wanted to convey in this poem. Poes wife, Virginia Clemm, contracted cholera at the time of the poems writing. It is widely believed that Poe is describing his wife in Annabel Lee. Virginia died of the disease later on, but the love the two shared, and perhaps still share today, remained. Furthermore, the general dreary twists and turns of Edgar Allan Poes life are directly involved in Poes stories, not just as details, but as fundamental inspiration set in stone. So is the case in his tragic story The Tell-Tale Heart written by Poe. The short story describes the murder of an old man at the hands of a younger man who was caring for him, his guilt after committing the deed, and finally his confession and the revealing of his insanity. How then does this mirror Poes physical life? It does by generalizing his life into a single short story. Poe never did go insane, but his life was filled with depressing events and Poe himself was depressed. Poes father left his family when Poe was two, his mother dying soon after. He was left with the Allan family, who brought him up well but he was somewhat of an outcast to the Allans. Poe was ridiculed in school and spent much of his li fe in poverty. The Tell-Tale Heart may not have much to do with any of that, but the depressing details of his life can beShow MoreRelatedEdgar Allan Poe Revlutionized Literature in the 19th Century665 Words   |  3 PagesEdgar Allan Poe revolutionized the literary world of the nineteenth century. Poe is a well-known author from the early 1800’s, who was part of the dark romanticism movement. While later in life he was a brilliant writer, Edgar Allan Poe faced many problems in his early life. Although Poe experienced death within his family at a young age, the hardships he encountered are thought to have influenced his dark writing style. These death inspired elements within Poe’s writing were ahead of their timeRead MoreAnalysis Of Edward Scissorhands, By Tim Burton1660 Words   |  7 Pagesas the Frankenstein Monster, in the similar way that we call people with disabilities Special. And then we have Vincent, a short stop-motion animation. The short film itself is an entertaining aspect of a suburban boy named Vincent who recites Edgar Ellen Poe and categorizes with Horror film star, Vincent Price. With similarities to Edward Scissorhands, the main character is a chance for Tim Burton to represent himself on the screen as a tortured boy, outsider and artist. I am going to discuss how

Biggest Challenges Facing Cisco Systems

Question: Discuss about the Biggest Challenges Facing Cisco Systems. Answer: Introduction: Cisco Systems was founded in 1984 in California by a husband and wife team from Stanford University. The husband came up with a way of connecting two local area networks in the departments where he and his wife worked, which were 500 yards across campus. The company has acquired a number of companies and made several strategic partnerships that have catapulted it to one of the most successful companies in the world. Its first product was shipped in 1986 and was an AGS router. The company went public in 1990. It made its first acquisition in 1993. The company also launched Ethernet switch, which has over 25000 customers and 700000 installed all over the world (Cisco, 2017). Cisco is a multinational company as it produces different goods and services and supplies them to many companies. It has patents in different countries. However, the ownership remains in the host country, which is the USA. Cisco has fully-owned subsidiaries operating in other countries. Cisco has been able to do this in Asia and has made Singapore the headquarters and transferred advanced technology to them (Cisco, 2017). Cisco also has marketing superiority as a multinational and they have been able to be the world's best to network solutions provider. Cisco operates under high efficiency. They use high technology like cloud computing. Globalization of Business-Liberalism Theory The theory of liberalism sees globalization as the market-led expansion of modernization. Liberals emphasize why it is necessary to construct infrastructure in institutions to support globalization. This has led to technical standardization. Cisco Systems has standardized technology in all its Singapore branches. It has also enabled administrative harmonization. Cisco Systems has a very solid organization structure that has enabled this to happen (Pooja, 2014). There are also translation arrangements and the companys website can be translated to suit language needs. The supporters of this theory neglect the social forces that lie behind the creation of technological and institutional foundations. It is not a satisfaction to say that these developments are natural human drives that lead to economic growth and political liberalization (Pooja, 2014). There are structural authority disproportions in the promotion of globalization and shaping its course. Singapore is a strategic location for Cisco Systems in Asia as it has even located its Asian headquarters there. Economic factors in Singapore affect Ciscos Internationalization process. Singapores Strategic Location makes it convenient for Cisco Systems to access a very large market (Hawksford, 2017). The airport at Changi serves over 15 million passengers yearly. It has been classified as the best airport in the world for over 20 years. This provides businesses like Cisco Systems with easy access to all the major Asian markets. Singapore has a good business environment hence attracting a lot of companies and businesspersons. Cisco systems have therefore been able to set up business easily in Singapore and gain from the good business environment (Hawksford, 2017). Singapore has an outstanding tax system. The corporate and personal rates are low. The country follows a single tier tax policy (Ambashi, 2017). Due to this Cisco Systems is able to maximize profits, as taxes charged are reasonable. The country is a one-stop center for companies that seek to manage their Intellectual Property Assets. Singapore is a party to major intellectual property treaties like the world intellectual property organization and the Madrid protocol (Hawksford, 2017). Cisco Systems have been able to take advantage of this by registering their trademark and being able to protect their Intellectual Property. Singapore has ensured that its labor force is highly attractive and productive; Businesses are therefore able to get efficiency as they get excellent workers. This has enabled Cisco Systems to acquire a highly motivated and productive workforce (Hawksford, 2017). This has greatly contributed to the performance of the company, as the workforce is highly skilled hence, processes run smoothly and effectively Porters Diamond Theory applied to Cisco Systems The Porter Diamond Theory is designed to help us get an understanding of competitive advantage that nations possess because of the factors that are available to them. It also explains how governments are able to act as catalysts to improve the position of a country in a globally competitive environment. The theory gives suggestions that a country can create factor advantages for itself such as having skilled labour, having strong technology industry and ensuring support of the government in the economy (Macklon, 2015). The theory is represented by a figure that resembles four diamond points. These points are related determinants, which are theorized as deciding factors of a countrys comparative economic benefits (Macklin, 2015). These factors include; the strategy of a firm, structure and rivalry, supporting industries, demand and factor conditions. The strategy of the firm, its structure and rivalry refer to the aspect that competition results in companies that strive in getting ways to add production and to come up with technological innovations. Competition has made Cisco come up with great technological innovations that have given it a technological advantage (Macklon, 2015). The company has come up with cloud solutions, Internet of things and software defined networking. Related supporting industries in the model give reference to companies that facilitate innovation through exchanging ideas with companies in the same industry Cisco Systems has been able to innovate through exchanging ideas with companies like UBS (Macklon, 2015). In March 2017, UBS and Cisco to hosted a tech talk on Internet of Things and applications. The company also formed a partnership with The Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore. Demand conditions refer to the characteristics of the customer base in terms of products and this enables innovation and improvement on products (Macklon, 2015). Cisco Systems has been able to achieve this by coming up with products that fit into customer needs and trends. Foreign companies can use various strategies to enter into foreign markets. Firms can export indirectly by using domestic agents in those countries who will be paid commissions to sell products or services (Chand, 2014). They can also employ the distribution services of companies that already exist in the respective markets and have established distribution systems. The company can do direct exportation of products or services. The company will have to do marketing analysis, establish contracts, handles supply-chain issues and documentation (CaligiuriBonache, 2016). The company assigns distributors based in the country as they have the necessary resources. In Licensing, a foreign licensor gives a local licensee with access to the entire infrastructure that the company needs in exchange for compensation. The firm licensed is given exclusive rights for producing and marketing a product or service for a certain period. The licensor gets a royalty on the product or service sale (Jain Singal, 2014). This method is advantageous as the firm is able to enter a new market without too many investments. Franchising can occur via product/ trade name or business format. It involves a licensing agreement where services offered by the franchise are replicated in the foreign country through a franchise (Zhao, ParkZhou, 2014).A joint venture is when the multi-national enters into an agreement with a local company in the target country. It can either be contractual or equity. In a contractual agreement, the two companies get into a partnership to share the cost of investment, any risk factors and profits. An equity venture involves the formation of a very separate entity and the local and multinational company share ownership and control. This may happen due to complex legal procedures in the foreign country and it greatly reduces the risk for the multi-national company (MarinorMarinora, 2014). The advantage of this is that the local company knows the market well and regulations. Direct investment involves a firm entering the foreign market through investing in a manufacturing facility. The company has to commit capital and management and can acquire an already existing foreign facility or build a completely new one (Chand, 2014). Direct investment is the best option but very risky as in case the venture does not succeed the company loses many funds. How Cisco Entered Singapore Market Cisco entered the Singapore market through direct investment in 1994 through its wholly owned subsidiaries, Cisco Systems International B.V. and Cisco International Limited that distribute its products. They have introduced leading technologies over the years and have transformed how the citizens work and learn. It created Singapores first internet home in the year 2000.The company also developed strategic partnerships. They collaborated with 15 schools through Cisco networking Academy and trained over 46000 students (Cisco, 2013). The company also opened new regional headquarters in Singapore in 2014.The office is located in the vibrant Changi Business Park and houses over 1000 employees. The second one is through joint ventures. Cisco formed an alliance with Singtel in 2001 to market and develop advanced technological services for the region. This was the first strategic partnership between a local carrier and an equipment vendor. The companies marketed products and services together to key customer accounts. This brought several telecommunications services to Singapore, for example, the companies developed IP and Virtual Private Networks together, DSL technology was introduced and new networks that integrated voice, data and video (Cisco,2013). The companies also carried out an exchange program where they briefed each other on product and technological directions. The Engineers working for SingTel were also able to gain work experience in Ciscos technical assistance centers. This venture was key to Cisco as SingTel had a large presence in more than 19 countries in the Asian region. (Singapore business review, 2013). International Business Challenges Faced by Cisco Systems Cisco Systems faces various challenges when doing International Business. The first risk faced by Cisco Systems is a political risk. This can include challenges in regulatory programs. Governments keep changing laws and this can greatly affect business (Verbeke, KanoYuan, 2016). Another business challenge is financial limitations. The economic environment keeps changing hence affecting revenues (Delventhal, 2017). Already there is a prediction in falls on revenues for 2017.The orders from service providers have slumped and there is a decline in the traditional switching market. Another challenge being faced by Cisco is competitive concerns. It faces the competition of switches and routers. The company has however been losing customers to rivals like Huawei Technologies. Their market for switching has gone down from 58% to 56.8% and the router market went down from 48.8% to 44.8%.This is a great concern as in previous years routers and switchers have accounted for half of its revenue (Sun,2016). The company also faces technological challenges. There is a rise in cloud networking that relies mostly on software. These are cost-efficient than the ones that were based on hardware. Cisco still sells traditional equipment and this has hurt demand. The company has been overtaken by Arista Networks who achieved a double-digit growth due to the sale of software cloud networking (Sun, 2016). Cisco then placed a lawsuit on Arista to slow them down and resulting in them being banned from importing some products. Cisco Systems need to incorporate the global compact principle and sustainable development goals into their strategies so that they uphold their responsibility to people and the environment to enable long-term success. The first principle states that companies must support and respect human rights protection. Cisco Systems must ensure that it respects the human rights of its employees and the society as a whole. The second Principle is making sure that the company does not take part in human rights abuses (Unglobalcompact, 2015). Cisco must ensure that all employees have rights and they should not also partner with any company that abuses human rights as this will lead to reputational risk and affects business negatively. The third principle advice companies to uphold freedom of association and recognize the right to collective bargaining. Cisco Systems must ensure that it allows its staff to join unions and that they representation by unions. The fourth principle speaks about the elimination of any forced labor (Unglobalcompact, 2015). Cisco Systems must not engage in any forced Labour. The fifth principle talks about child labor being abolished. The company should not engage in any form of child labor. The sixth principle advocates for eliminating discrimination in respect to employment or occupation. Cisco systems must ensure that it develops a corporate culture that brings all stakeholders together and does not discriminate in any way. The seventh principle speaks about companies taking a precautionary approach to any challenges faced in the environment (Unglobalcompact, 2015). Cisco Systems must approach such challenges in a professional manner and should ensure that its business does not harm the environment and they should have responsible recycling or disposal methods. Principle number eight speaks about companies undertaking initiatives to improve greater environmental responsibility. Employees at Cisco should, therefore, be educated on this and the company should generally be responsible towards the environment. The ninth principle encourages environmental friendly technologies. When expanding and applying technology to its business, they have to ensure that, they are not harming the environment (Unglobalcompact, 2015). The tenth principle advocates for companies to work against corruption. Cisco systems must ensure integrity among employees and when dealing with customers. The company must maintain a high integrity. Under the sustainable development goals, Cisco Systems will also have to apply some principles to its business. Under the Poverty goal, it states that companies should respect the rights of its workers and apply innovation to provide solutions to eradicate poverty (Unglobalcompact, 2015). Cisco Systems can implement this by ensuring they serve communities affected by poverty well through coming up with products and services that serve them. Another sustainability goal is Gender Equality. Companies are encouraged to empower women. Cisco Systems gives equal opportunities to both men and women. Affordable and clean energy should also be a key priority for businesses. Cisco System should be responsible in terms of any remittances (Unglobalcompact, 2015). Decent work and economic growth is another goal. Cisco Systems should provide its employees with decent work and ensure Singapores economic growth through its business activities. The company also has various green initiatives. Responsible Production and consumption by companies are key (Unglobalcompact, 2015). Cisco Systems has a power down system and phones are switched off after working hours and over the weekends. There is minimal paper wastage. Another SDG is Climate Action. Companies must ensure responsibility in greenhouse emissions as it greatly affects the climate. Cisco Systems must strive to ensure that it implements solutions so climate change (Unglobalcompact, 2015). Life below water and Life on Land should also be cared for. Cisco systems must ensure that nothing is done to harm these lives. References Ambashi, M. (2017). ASEAN as an FDI Attractor: How Do Multinationals Look at ASEAN? Caligiuri, P., Bonache, J. (2016). Evolving and enduring challenges in global mobility. Journal of World Business, 51(1), 127-141. Chand, S. (2014).How Multinational Corporations enter Into a Foreign Market. Retrieved 22 February 2014 from https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/business/how-multinational-corporations-enter-to-a-foreign-market-6-different-modes-of-entry/13168/ Cisco (2013). Cisco Celebrates 20 years in Singapore and Opens New Regional Headquarters. Retrieved 18 April 2013 from https://newsroom.cisco.com/press-release-content?articleId=1174422 Delventhal, S. (2017). The Challenge Facing Cisco in 2017. Retrieved 4 January 2017 from https://www.investopedia.com/news/challenge-facing-cisco-2017/ Hawksford (2017).Why Chose Singapore? Retrieved 2017, N.d. from, https://www.guidemesingapore.com/incorporation/introduction/singapore-incorporation-advantages Jain, A. K., Singal, A. K. (2014). Mapping vulnerability: how emerging markets respond to multinationals. Journal of Business Strategy, 35(6), 41-48. Macklon, M. (2015). Porter Diamond. Retrieved 29 July 2015 from, https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/porter-diamond.asp Marinov, M., Marinova, S. (2013). Emerging Economy Multinationals: Successes and Challenges (p. 1). Palgrave Macmillan. Pooja (2014). Eight Theories of Globalization. Retrieved 17th November 2014, from https://www.politicalsciencenotes.com/articles/8-theories-of-globalization-explained/642 Singapore business review (2013).Cisco opens New Regional Headquarters in Singapore. Retrieved 17 April 2013 from, https://sbr.com.sg/information-technology/more-news/cisco-opens-new-regional-headquarters-in-singapore Sun, L (2016).The Three Biggest Challenges Facing Cisco Systems. Retrieved 18 October 2016 from, https://www.fool.com/investing/2016/10/18/the-3-biggest-challenges-facing-cisco-systems.aspx Unglobalcompact (2015). Partnerships: A Key Way to Implement the Sustainable Development Goals. Retrieved 6 June 2015 from, https://www.unglobalcompact.org/take-action/partnerships/how-to-partner Verbeke, A., Kano, L., Yuan, W. (2016). Inside the regional multinationals: A new value chain perspective on subsidiary capabilities. International Business Review, 25(3), 785-793. Zhao, M., Park, S. H., Zhou, N. (2014). MNC strategy and social adaptation in emerging markets. Journal of International Business Studies, 45(7), 842-861.

Class V. Caste System Essays - Indian Caste System, Discrimination

Class V. Caste System A Class vs. a Caste System In any countrys history, a high stage of social development is reached only when the main social divisions are formed. The caste system penetrates the Hindu society to a level unknown elsewhere. It plays some part in other civilizations but in India it has invaded the whole. It is in this sense that we may speak of the caste system as a phenomenon peculiar to India (Pocock 27). The class system of the United States and the caste system of India share common characteristics but, at the same time, they different in many ways. A caste system rigidly restricted occupationally, socially, members may not marry outside the caste. Caste system devalues and discriminates people according to their genetic and/or social background. There are said to be four major traits typical of caste systems. Included are the following: membership into the caste is hereditary; marriage within the caste is mandatory; mobility is nearly impossible; occupation is strongly related to caste (Hurst, 1998). Conversely, a class system is a society based upon different groups. These groups are composed of people whose stratas are often related to occupational or property divisions. They are composed of a set of consistent and stable patterns that persist through time. In the United States it is based upon a classification of individuals who are grouped into power levels which represent the structural inequality in the allocation of rewards, privileges, and resources. These levels are often referred to as the upper, middle. And lower classes. They largely determine life chances in relating directly to the incomes and educational composition of each individual class (Davis 65-72). One of the strongest and most complex examples of the caste system can be found in Hindu India, where a hierarchy of thousands of distinct castes reflect religious practice, occupation, locale, culture status, or tribal affiliation. In addition, their society is divided into four social classes: -the Brahmans, priests and scholars; Kshatriyas, the military and rulers; Vaisyas, farmers and merchants; and Sudras, peasants and laborers. Below the Sudras were the untouchables, who performed the most menial tasks. The Untouchables are often regarded as the polluters include peoples whose occupations are those such as hairdressers, janitors, tanners, butchers, and undertakers. They were given this title because they make contact with such pollutants as blood, dirt, dung, hair, leather, menstrual flow, saliva etc. Popularly known in the past as pariahs, the politically correct terms now used are Dalits (the oppressed) and/or Harijans (Children of God), a term introduced by Mahatma Gandhi. A lthough caste segregation is officially illegal, it is very prevalent in India (Singh 9-19). An open system is a society in which people can change their economic, prestigious and power status easily. In contrast, a closed system is society in which people face great difficulty in changing these statuses. One should keep in mind that no society is completely open or closed, in fact, all societies have at least one or more characteristics of both closed and open systems. The United States is a good example of a relatively open system. This is because the US is founded upon the assumption that each person is given the equal opportunity to achieve that maximum level of success at the highest level of the class system. America is based on the belief that this achievement can be reached through competence, contribution to the community and society and through diligence and hard work. Unfortunately, this ideal is often discounted when stereotypes assigned to people on the basis of gender, age, and race come into play. In lieu of this many sociologists often view the United States society as a very closed system because of the high degree racial inequality. Similarly, a Hindu caste system is a good example of a closed system. Although the caste system in India was far more closed before 1900, India still suffers similarly in rural areas. People in India have traditionally inherited their status at birth from their parents. As a matter of course, it is uncommon for this status to change through the course of their life. Unlike in the United States, personal merit and diligence go without reward. It seems that no matter how

Armenian Genocide Essays - Armenian Genocide, Anti-Armenianism

Armenian Genocide Essays - Armenian Genocide, Anti-Armenianism Armenian Genocide Why was the Armenian Genocide Forgotten? GENOCIDE By definition genocide is the organized killing of a people for the express purpose of putting an end to their collective existence (Websters dictionary). As a rule, the organizing agent is the nation, the victim population is a domestic minority, and the end result is the near total death of a society. The Armenian genocide generally conforms to this simple definition. FORGOTTEN The Armenian genocide is a hidden, almost lost part of world history, pretty much eclipsed by the more publicized genocide of the twentieth century, the Holocaust. The question is why. I could take a poll of this room and I am willing to bet that 95% of the students have ever even heard of the Armenian Genocide and those who have couldnt tell me more than a couple sentences about it. This is pretty scary, considering the statistics of the Armenian Genocide. OTTOMAN EMPIRE The Ottoman Empire was ruled by the Turks who had conquered the land from across West Asia, North Africa to Southeast Europe. The Ottoman government was based in Istanbul and was headed by a sultan who was given absolute power. The Turks were Islamic and were a harsh disciplinary civilization. The Armenians, a Christian minority, lived as second class citizens subject to legal restrictions (Graber 119). These restrictions denied them normal safeguards. Neither their lives nor their properties were guaranteed security. As non-Muslims they were also obligated to pay discriminatory taxes and denied participation in government. In its prime of the sixteenth century the Ottoman Empire was a powerful state. Its minority populations really benefited with the growth of its economy, but by the nineteenth century, the empire was in serious decline(Graber 121). It had been reduced in size and by 1914 had lost virtually all its lands in Europe and Africa. This decline created enormous internal political and economic pressures which contributed to the increasing tensions among the races (similar to Germanys way of blaming the Jews for their economic decline). Armenian aspirations for representation and participation in government worried the Muslim Turks who had never shared power in their country with any minority. Demands by Armenian political organizations for administrative reforms in the Armenian-inhabited provinces and better police protection only invited further repression. During the reign of the sultan Abdul Hamid, a series of massacres throughout the empire meant to dampen Armenian expectations by frightening them, cost up to three hundred thousand lives by some estimates and resulted in enormous material losses on a majority of Armenians. In response to the crisis in the Ottoman Empire, a new political group called the Young Turks seized power by revolution in 1908. From the Young Turks, the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) emerged at the head of the government in a coup staged in 1913. It was led by a triumvirate: Enver, Minister of War, Talaat, Minister of the Interior, and Jemal, Minister of the Marine (Hovanissian 15). The CUP spewed ultra-nationalistic culture which promoted the establishment of an exclusively Turkish state. It also promoted thoughts of conquering other regions inhabited by Turkic peoples, almost like our Manifest Destiny. When World War I broke out in August 1914, the Ottoman Empire formed part of the Triple Alliance with the other Central Powers, Germany and Austria-Hungary, and it declared war on Russia and its Western allies, Great Britain and France. The Ottoman armies initially suffered a string of defeats. Whether retreating or advancing, the Ottoman army used the occasion of war to wage a scam campaign of massacre against the civilian Armenian population in the regions in which warfare was rampant. These measures were part of the genocidal program secretly adopted by the CUP and implemented under the cover of war. They coincided with the CUP's larger program to eradicate the Armenians from Turkey and neighboring countries. Through the spring and summer of 1915, in all areas outside the war zones, the Armenian population was ordered deported from their homes. Convoys consisting of tens of thousands including men, women, and children were driven hundreds of miles toward the Syrian desert. In April of the young Turks convinced leaders of the Armenian population to meet to discuss the new orders for all

Benefits of Walking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Benefits of Walking - Essay Example Walking reduces weight by burning excessive calories in the body. For instance, a person who weighs sixty kilograms can burn up to seventy-five calories simply by walking for thirty minutes at 2mph. walking is therefore an exercise highly recommended for people who would like to lose weight. The faster an individual walks for a given time duration, the more calories are burned. Another health benefit of walking is that walking lowers the risk of getting certain diseases. Brisk walking for up to thirty minutes daily can help reduce the risks of getting diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, heart diseases, certain type of cancer and asthma among others. Doctors believe that walking improves blood circulation within the body therefore reducing the risks of getting diseases. In addition to lowering the risk of acquiring certain diseases and maintain good weight, walking gives an individual energy. Although it may seem a paradox, researchers have found out that brisk walking is an energizer. As an individual walks, blood circulation in the body is boosted which implies that oxygen supply in the body becomes sufficient thereby making one to feel energetic and alive. Walking also eases the muscle tension, strengthens joints and hence making an individual feel relaxed, and

Treasury, Foreign Exchange and Financilization Essay

Treasury, Foreign Exchange and Financilization - Essay Example & O’Connell 2001) Therefore the PPP of country C with respect to the US dollar is as follows: Year PPP of country C with respect to US dollar 2003 1.02 2004 1.01 2005 1.01 2006 1.02 2007 1.01 The inflation rates for country D from 2003-2007 are as follows: (Mathis, Keat & O’Connell 2001) Therefore the PPP for country D with respect to the US dollar is: Year PPP of country D with respect to the US dollar 2003 0.99 2004 1.01 2005 0.98 2006 0.98 2007 0.99 Thus, these were the respective inflation rates of the countries A, B, C, D and their purchasing power parities calculated with respect to the US dollar. (b) The Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) Theory states that the exchange rate between the currencies of two countries is in equilibrium when their purchasing power is equivalent in both the countries. Let there be a fixed basket of goods and services and then let us determine the price of this common basket in both the countries. Then the exchange rate between the currencie s of the two countries should be equal to the ratio of the price levels of the two nations. PPP theory also states that when a country is subject to inflation i.e. there is a continuous increase in the level of domestic prices of the country, there should be depreciation in the country’s exchange rate in order to restore PPP. (The University of British Columbia 2011) We can see from the data in the case study, that while country A has experienced inflation from 2003-2007, the exchange rate of its currency with respect to the US dollar has depreciated during the same period (except for 2007). Thus, the PPP theory held true for country A. In country B also, as it was experiencing inflation during 2003-2007, the exchange rates of its currency with respect to the US dollar has devalued over the period (except for 2005). Thus the PPP theory held true in the case of country B also. As country C was going through a period of inflation from 2003-2007, the exchange rate between its cu rrency and the US dollar also underwent devaluation during the same period (except for 2005). Thus, for country C also, the PPP theory held good. In the case of country D, as it experienced inflation during 2003-2007, the exchange rate between its own currency and the US dollar remained the same in 2004 but devalued after that during the successive years. Thus the PPP theory also held good for country D. Therefore, the PPP theory held good for all the countries A, B, C, D. (c) The US dollar prime lending rate during 2002-2007 was as follows: Year US dollar lending prime rate 2002 4.67 2003 4.12 2004 4.34 2005 6.19 2006 7.96 2007 8.05 (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve 2011) The

Food Irradiation Essay Example for Free

Food Irradiation Essay Food irradiation has the longest history, more than 40 years, of scientific research and testing of any food technology before approval. Research has been comprehensive, and has included wholesomeness, toxicological, and microbiological evaluation. Worldwide, 38 countries permit irradiation of food, and more than 28 billion lb of food is irradiated annually in Europe. It is important to note that food irradiation has a pretty remarkable list of national and international endorsements: ADA, American Council on Science and Health, American Medical Association, Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, International Atomic Energy Agency, Institute of Food Technologists, Scientific Committee of the European Union, United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), and the World Health Organization (WHO). Although the US food supply has achieved a high level of safety, microbiological hazards exist. Because foods may contain pathogens, mishandling, including improper cooking, can result in food-born illness. Irradiation has been identified as one solution that enhances food safety through the reduction of potential pathogens and has been recommended as part of a comprehensive program to enhance food safety. However, food irradiation does not replace proper food handling. So the handling of foods processed by irradiation should be governed by the same food safety precautions as all other foods. Food irradiation cannot enhance the quality of a food that is not fresh, or prevent contamination that occurs after irradiation during storage or preparation. But, treating foods with the irradiation of gamma rays offers benefits to consumers, retailers, and food manufacturers such as improved microbiological quality, replacement of chemical treatments, and extended shelf life. The spices and fumigant sprays used on fruits can be limited and eliminated through the use of irradiation. This improves the quality of the fruit. Pathogens in raw poultry or meat can be reduced by a dose of radiation. Also, smaller doses can disinfest grain and produce and can slow down the natural aging of fruit and vegetables. This all results in the reduced use or elimination of chemical treatments and proves that irradiated foods closely resemble foods in their fresh state. Irradiation has been compared with pasteurization because it destroys pathogenic bacteria. Because irradiation does not greatly raise the temperature of the food being processed, nutrient losses are small and are often much less than nutrient losses associated with other methods of preservation, such as canning, drying, and heat pasteurization and sterilization. Proteins, fats and carbohydrates are not notably affected by irradiation. But certain vitamins are sensitive to food irradiation. Yet, nutrient losses can be minimized by irradiating food in an oxygen-free environment or in a frozen state. According to the Ames, Iowa Council for Agriculture Science and Technology Task Force Report No. 115, consumers consistently rate irradiated fruit as equal or better than non-irradiated fruits in appearance, freshness, and taste. With all of the facts listed above, it is obvious that irradiated foods are the best option instead of harmful chemical products. These chemicals usage and harm are a result of not using food irradiation to benefit consumers. And in an era of increasing concern about food safety, consumers must understand that irradiation is one method of enhancing an already safe food supply.

The Greatest Medical Breakthrough?the use of Pluripotent Stem Cells Ess

An Assessment of The Greatest Medical Breakthrough the use of Pluripotent Stem Cells A critical review of the pro and con analysis, of arguably, the most controversial issue of the 21st century—the use of pluripotent stems cells. In addition, the ensuing synthesis and prescription based upon empirical data and critical thinking. Given the enormous promise of pluripotent stem cells to the development of new treatments for the most devastating diseases, we believe our scientific researchers and medical professionals should be permitted and encouraged to simultaneously pursue pluripotent stem cell research. Further, the ban on federal funding of research on new stem cell lines should be overturn, allowing doctors and scientists to explore their full potential with the appropriate ethical oversight. An Assessment of The Greatest Medical Breakthrough—the use of Pluripotent Stem Cells   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thesis: The greatest medical breakthrough in any lifetime—the use of pluripotent stems cells.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Background: Stem cell research continues to be a controversial issue. Stem cells are cells that have a particular function, like blood stem cells whose function is to make different types of blood cells or skin stem cells whose function is to make various types of skin cells. Stem cells evolve from pluripotent stem cells, cells that makeup the inner cell mass of the embryonic blastocell. As the pluripotent stem cells specialize, they form stem cells with the specific kinds of purposes mentioned above. Stem cells are controversial because the most useful variety of stem cells comes from embryos at the blastocyst stage, meaning the cells are taken from embryos of aborted fetuses or from surplus embryos left over from In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). Despite such controversy, many researchers and medical professionals argue that pluripotent embryos have â€Å"the potential to revolutionize the practice of medicine and improve the quality and length of life† for m illions of individuals (NIH, 2002, p. 1). For these reasons, the use of pluripotent stem cells potentially represent the greatest medical breakthrough of any era in history and federal funding for such research must be approved.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pro Analysis: The unique ability of embryonic pluripotent stem cells shows tremendous medical prom... ...al, critical and necessary. Grigg, W. N. (2002). Embryonic stem cell research could have dangerous   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  consequences. Medicine. Retrieved Aug 13, 2004, from Opposing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Viewpoints Resource Center, 1-4. Discusses the nuances, implications and basis for President Bush’s position on harvesting of organs and tissues. Explains President Bush’s cautionary approach to stem cell research and the use of federal funding. Confirms that there is no proven, scientific advantage of using embryonic stem cells instead of pluripotent adult cells. National Institutes of Health (NIH). (2002). Embryonic stem cell research is beneficial. Human Embryonic Experimentation. Retrieved Aug 13, 2004, from Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center, 1-6. Discusses the importance of pluripotent stem cells and how they are derived. Analyzes how pluripotent stem cells can be potentially applied. Evaluates the inherent limitations associated with adult stem cells. Explains how isolating pluripotent cells offer useful insight into cell processes, such as cancer and birth defects and will lead to the fundamental errors that cause debilitating illnesses.

As sociology coursework – effects of a fatherless childhood

I chose this area of study because I noticed that compared with personal knowledge, the New Right Ideology appears to exaggerate how fatherless upbringings affect children. Amongst my peers there are people raised in lone parent and nuclear families, and members of both groups experience similar amounts of problems and share similar social values, unlike Rebecca O'Neill's conclusion that children from lone parent families are more likely to have underage sex due to a lack of parental control. (100 words) Contexts and Concepts In 1993, Olson and Haynes conducted a study of American lone parent families. The results led to them identifying seven strengths of these families, six were relevant to my research. The first was that lone parents accepted the responsibilities of their roles and problems were always solved. The second was prioritisation of the parental role, meaning parents did not have to split attention. The third strength was discipline, proving children did not go without discipline and they knew how to behave in society. The fourth was open communication, meaning children would feel able to talk to parents, preventing long term emotional problems. Parental self nurturance was the fifth strength. The final relevant strength was the rituals and traditions which meant the children's lives had structure and they did not miss out on things that nuclear families are thought to have more of, such as family holidays. Olson and Hayes proved the lone parent family to be beneficial to both parents and children, showing no deprivation of a second role model in the home to instil things such as social values and discipline. This is very relevant to what I aim to prove. In September 2002, Rebecca O'Neill conducted the study, â€Å"Experiments in Living: The Fatherless Family†, concerning lone-mother parenting, as a result of birth outside marriage, divorce or changes in marriage or cohabitation. She researched the effects of a fatherless upbringing on the children of fatherless families and adults who had been raised in fatherless families. When studying the effects on children, O'Neill found they were likely to suffer emotional problems. She found that young teenagers were likely to take illegal substances, commit crimes and have sex before marriage, activities linked to socialisation and discipline in the home. O'Neill's study of adults raised by lone mothers showed them to be less likely to gain qualifications and become employed, meaning they were more likely to be unemployed and depend on the state for benefits, therefore continuing the dependency culture and socialising children to think it is okay to depend on the state. O'Neill's resu lts also showed adults from lone-parent families were less likely to marry and more likely to commit crimes. The conclusions of this study are very supportive of the New Right ideology, in that the best environment for a child to be raised in is the traditional nuclear family including mother and father, I seek to prove this wrong. (400 words) Main Research Method My interviews will be unstructured, as it would be the most relevant way of gaining qualitative results, which are useful for finding out the opinions and emotions of interviewees, leading to a conclusion about personal social values. Using unstructured interviews would be significant because each person would have individual values, ones which they may not be able to fully express with structured interviews. Unstructured interviews would also mean the interviewees could talk about things that are relevant which I had not thought about prior to the interviews. The interviews will still have slight structure, in that I will be taking an active approach in engaging the interviewees in conversation about points I would like to cover for my research. I feel that an active approach would be useful as an interviewee engaged in conversation would probably be more likely to talk about their opinions and create a sense of friendship and trust. These may be needed to allow the interviewee to feel comfortable about topics such as sex, intoxicant use and criminal activity, things which they may otherwise consider as taboo. These topics are relevant to the social values outlined by O'Neill, but if they are not probed about, they could easily go unmentioned. I will operationalise concepts by explaining their definitions, which will avoid responses being affected by lack of understanding. My sample will be of 140 students at my school, 20 from each year group, half of whom will be from lone parent families and half of whom will be from nuclear families. Doing a split sample will allow me to show the similarities between the groups in terms of social values, emotional stability and educational attainment. The sample will be of pupils at my school, as finding interviewees will be easier and it would be cost efficient, with less travelling needed, also leading to a saving of time. My sample will be voluntary, perhaps through advertisement. I would ask for voluntary interviewees who would openly talk about family matters. This sampling method would be suitable for my research because the interviews will be about some family matters, illegal activities and emotional subjects. These things can be hard for some people to talk about, so asking people to volunteer would be better than producing a random sample of which some people would feel uneasy talking about the covered issues. (391 words) Potential Problems As with any study, potential problems can be found in using unstructured interviews. Ethical issues can cause problems such as privacy being invaded. Some interviewees may reveal information they did not intend to reveal at first, due to the informal nature of the interviews. Another problem is the moral dilemma I will be faced with if an interviewee reveals information that indicates they are at risk of harm or that they are committing serious crimes. Would it be right for me to breach confidentiality and get local authorities involved? I will also need to find ways of ensuring my interviewees come to no emotional harm as a result of the interviews. Validity may be difficult to ensure. Due to my method's informal nature, I may find myself making comments or asking questions that are biased, influencing interviewee responses. Also affecting validity is the interviewee. Some may have bad memories, and report things differently to what they are, others may conform to social desirability and make statements which are untrue, just to have themselves perceived in a certain way. This may also affect how reliable responses are when coming to a conclusion. The research method will be free in terms of money, but not time. Realistically, for me to get the maximum information out of interviewees, I would need to spend at least an hour with each. But, that would take at least a month if all were to be done in school hours. Therefore, I will only probably get half an hour with each interviewee. My method also has the disadvantage that general conversing in unstructured interviews could lead to the discussion of irrelevant topics. My sample could cause a problem of the small group I use not being representative of youths of other ages or social backgrounds.

What Is Real Analysis in Economics

What do you learn in a real analysis course? What do you need to know before you take a real analysis course? Why is taking a real analysis course helpful if you’re planning to do graduate work in economics? There are a lot of questions that might be running through your head if youre unfamiliar with real analysis or havent actually taken a real analysis course. What Is Taught in a Real Analysis Course We can get a feel for what is taught in a real analysis course by taking a look at a couple of real analysis course descriptions. Here’s one from Margie Hall at Stetson University: Real analysis is a large field of mathematics based on the properties of the real numbers and the ideas of sets, functions, and limits. It is the theory of calculus, differential equations, and probability, and it is more. A study of real analysis allows for an appreciation of the many interconnections with other mathematical areas. A slightly more complex description is given by Steve Zelditch at Johns Hopkins University: Real Analysis is an enormous field with applications to many areas of mathematics. Roughly speaking, it has applications to any setting where one integrates functions, ranging from harmonic analysis on Euclidean space to partial differential equations on manifolds, from representation theory to number theory, from probability theory to integral geometry, from ergodic theory to quantum mechanics. As you can see, real analysis is a somewhat theoretical field that is closely related to mathematical concepts used in most branches of economics such as calculus and probability theory. Common Prerequisites of Real Analysis To be comfortable in a real analysis course, you should have a good background in calculus first. In the book Intermediate Analysis John M.H. Olmstead recommends taking real analysis fairly early in one’s academic career: ...a student of mathematics should properly begin to make his acquaintance with the tools of analysis as soon as possible after the completion of the first course in calculus There are two key reasons why those entering a graduate program in economics should have a strong background in real analysis: Topics covered in real analysis, such as differential equations and probability theory are used extensively in economics.Graduate students in economics will commonly be asked to write and understand mathematical proofs, skills which are taught in real analysis courses. Prof. Olmstead saw practicing proofs as one of the core objectives of any real analysis course: In particular, the student should be encouraged to prove (in full detail) statements which previously he has been persuaded to accept because of their immediate obviousness. Thus, if a real analysis course is not available at your college or university, we highly recommend taking a course in how to write mathematical proofs, which the mathematics departments of most schools offer.